Книга: Alfieri Vittorio, Foscolo Ugo, Leopardi Giacomo «Ветер пишет... Из итальянской поэзии (конец XVIII начало XX)»

Ветер пишет... Из итальянской поэзии (конец XVIII начало XX)

Производитель: "ВКН"

Серия: "Метод обучающего чтения Ильи Франка"

Каждое стихотворение в данном издании приводится сначала с включенным в него (в скобках) дословным переводом на русский язык и лексическим комментарием, а затем повторяется уже без перевода. Поскольку перевод и комментарий даются не обособленно от текста, а `встроены` в него, сопровождая отдельные предложения и части предложений, стихотворение, каким бы оно ни было сложным в языковом плане, неизбежно становится понятным. Такой подход дает возможность читать итальянскую поэзию в подлиннике даже читателю, который только начинает осваивать итальянский язык. Пособие подготовила Татьяна Риччо.

Издательство: "ВКН" (2017)

Формат: 84x108/32, 144 стр.

ISBN: 978-5-7873-1184-6

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Alfieri Vittorio

Vittorio Alfieri

Vittorio Alfieri
Vittorio Alfieri
Naissance 16 janvier 1749
Asti
Décès 8 octobre 1803 (à 54 ans)
Florence
Nationalité  Italie
Profession(s) Poète, dramaturge et philosophe

Vittorio Alfieri est un poète, dramaturge et philosophe italien. Il est né le 16 janvier 1749 à Asti (Piémont) et mort le 8 octobre 1803 à Florence. Il a été fortement influencé par la culture classique et l'esprit romantique.

Sommaire

Biographie

Ce célèbre poète tragique est issu d'une famille noble et ancienne. Ayant perdu son père de très bonne heure, son éducation fut négligée, et il eut une jeunesse fort dérangée.

Il passa plusieurs années à courir le monde et à chercher des aventures; mais à l'âge de 25 ans, il se fit en lui une subite métamorphose : le désir de plaire à une femme aussi distinguée par son esprit que par son rang, la comtesse d'Albany, épouse du dernier des Stuarts, pour laquelle il avait conçu la plus vive passion, lui inspira du goût pour les lettres et pour la poésie, qu'il avait dédaignées jusque-là. Il s'exerça dans la tragédie, et créa un système de composition tout nouveau pour l'Italie, substituant un dialogue serré, un style mâle et concis, à la manière lâche et efféminée de ses devanciers, et retranchant impitoyablement de ses pièces les personnages inutiles d'amoureux ou de confidents.

Travaillant avec une ardeur incroyable, il composa en moins de sept ans (1775-1782) quatorze tragédies, dont plusieurs sont des chefs d'œuvre. En même temps il écrivait en prose des ouvrages qui devaient le placer à côté de Machiavel, un Traité de la tyrannie, et celui qui a pour titre le Prince et les Lettres, dans lesquels il se montre ardent républicain. Il composait aussi à la même époque son poème de l'Étrurie vengée.

La comtesse d'Albany étant devenue veuve en 1788, il s'unit à elle par un mariage secret, puis il vint en France dans le désir d'y faire imprimer plusieurs de ses ouvrages, et même de se fixer dans ce pays, qu'il appelait alors la patrie de la liberté. Mais effrayé par les excès du 10 août 1792, il s'empressa de fuir et se retira à Florence. Le gouvernement révolutionnaire le traita en émigré et le dépouilla de la plus grande partie de sa fortune, qu'il avait placée sur les fonds français. Toutes ces causes réunies finirent par lui inspirer, pour la France et pour la révolution une haine implacable qu'il n'a cessé depuis d'exhaler dans tous ses écrits.

Dans ses dernières années, Alfieri apprit le grec, afin d'étudier dans l'original les grands tragiques qu'il avait pris pour modèles. Il traduisit et imita plusieurs des plus belles tragédies d'Eschyle, de Sophocle et d'Euripide.

Épuisé par ses travaux, il mourut à l'âge de 54 ans, en 1803, laissant un grand nombre d'œuvres posthumes, parmi lesquelles on remarque une autobiographie particulièrement célèbre que l'on considère souvent comme sa plus grande œuvre : Vita (Ma Vie en français).

Le théâtre d'Alfieri se compose des tragédies suivantes :

  • Philippe II,
  • Polynice,
  • Antigone,
  • Agamemnon,
  • Virginie,
  • Oreste,
  • la Conjuration des Pazzi,
  • Don Garcia,
  • Rosemonde,
  • Marie Stuart,
  • Timoléon,
  • Octavie,
  • Merope,
  • Saül,
  • Agis,
  • Sophonisbe,
  • Myrrha,
  • Brutus I,
  • Brutus II
  • Cléopâtre,
  • Tymoleon,
  • Dom Garel.

Bibliographie

Voir sur Wikisource : Vittorio Alfieri.
  • Mémoires de Victor Alfiéri d'Asti, écrits par lui-même, traduit par Antoine de Latour, Charpentier, 1840
  • Vittorio Alfieri, Ma Vie, traduction d'Antoine de Latour, revue et annotée par Michel Orcel, Paris, éditions Gérard Lebovici, 1989
  • L'ensemble de ses oeuvres philosophiques sont disponibles en français aux éditions Allia.

Source partielle

« Vittorio Alfieri », dans Marie-Nicolas Bouillet et Alexis Chassang [sous la dir. de], Dictionnaire universel d’histoire et de géographie, 1878 [détail des éditions]  (Wikisource)

Liens externes
  • Portail de la littérature
  • Portail de la philosophie
  • Portail du XVIIIe siècle
  • Portail de l’Italie
  • Portail de la poésie


Ce document provient de « Vittorio Alfieri ».

Источник: Alfieri Vittorio

Foscolo, Ugo

orig. Niccolò Foscolo

born Feb. 6, 1778, Zacynthus, Venetian republic
died Sept. 10, 1827, Turnham Green, near London, Eng.

Italian poet and novelist.

His works articulated the feelings of many Italians during the turbulent epoch of the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, and the restoration of Austrian rule. After Austria regained Italy in 1814, Foscolo fled first to Switzerland and then to Britain. His popular novel The Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis (1802) bitterly denounced Napoleon's cession of Venetia to Austria. Among his poems are the patriotic "Dei sepolcri" (1807) and the acclaimed but unfinished Le grazie (1822).

* * *

▪ Italian writer
original name  Niccolò Foscolo  
born Feb. 6, [Jan. 26, Greek calendar], 1778, Zacynthus, Venetian republic [now Zákinthos, Greece]
died Sept. 10, 1827, Turnham Green, near London, Eng.
 poet and novelist whose works articulate the feelings of many Italians during the turbulent epoch of the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, and the restoration of Austrian rule; they rank among the masterpieces of Italian literature.

      Foscolo, born of a Greek mother and a Venetian father, was educated at Spalato (now Split, Croatia) and Padua, in Italy, and moved with his family to Venice about 1793. There he moved in literary circles. In 1797 the performance of his tragedy Tieste (“Thyestes”) made him famous.

      Foscolo's early enthusiasm for Napoleon, proclaimed in his ode A Bonaparte liberatore (1797; “To Bonaparte the Liberator”), quickly turned to disillusionment when Napoleon ceded Venetia to Austria in the Treaty of Campo Formio (1797). Foscolo's very popular novel Ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis (1802; The Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis, 1970) contains a bitter denunciation of that transaction and shows the author's disgust with Italy's social and political situation. Some critics consider this story the first modern Italian novel.

      When the Austrians and Russians invaded Italy in 1799, Foscolo, with other Italian patriots, joined the French side. Made a captain in the Italian division of the French army after the defense of Genoa in 1800, he had commissions in Milan, Bologna, and Florence, where he found time to involve himself in many love affairs.

      Finally Foscolo was sent to serve in France (1804–06). During that period he translated some classical works and Laurence Sterne's Sentimental Journey into Italian and wrote odes and sonnets.

      In 1807 Foscolo returned to Milan and established his literary reputation with “Dei sepolcri” (Eng. trans., “Of the Sepulchres,” c. 1820), a patriotic poem in blank verse, written as a protest against Napoleon's decree forbidding tomb inscriptions. In 1808 the poem won for its author the chair of Italian rhetoric at the University of Pavia. When the chair was abolished by Napoleon the next year, Foscolo moved on to Milan. The satirical references to Napoleon in his tragedy Aiace (first performed 1811; “Ajax”) again brought suspicion on him; in 1812 he moved to Florence, where he wrote another tragedy, Ricciarda, and most of his highly acclaimed unfinished poem, Le grazie (published in fragments 1803 and 1818, in full 1822; “The Graces”). In 1813 Foscolo returned to Milan.

      Napoleon fell the following year, the Austrians returned to Italy, and Foscolo, refusing to take the oath of allegiance, fled first to Switzerland and then in 1816 to England. Popular for a time in English society because he was an Italian patriot, Foscolo supported himself by teaching and writing commentaries on Dante, Boccaccio, and Petrarch for The Edinburgh Review and The Quarterly Review. He died in poverty. In 1871, with great national ceremony, his remains were moved from England and interred in the church of Santa Croce, in Florence.

* * *

Источник: Foscolo, Ugo

Leopardi, Giacomo

born June 29, 1798, Recanati, Papal States
died June 14, 1837, Naples

Italian poet, scholar, and philosopher.

Congenitally deformed, he suffered throughout his life from chronic ailments and frustrated hopes. His usually pessimistic poetry is admired for its brilliance, intensity, and effortless musicality. His verse collections include Canzoni (1824), Versi (1826), and I canti (1831). His finest poems are probably the lyrics called "Idillii" in early editions of his poetry. Operette morali (1827; "Minor Moral Works") is an influential philosophical exposition, mainly in dialogue form, of his doctrine of despair. He is considered among the great Italian writers of the 19th century.

* * *

▪ Italian poet and philosopher
born June 29, 1798, Recanati, Papal States
died June 14, 1837, Naples

      Italian poet, scholar, and philosopher whose outstanding scholarly and philosophical works and superb lyric poetry place him among the great writers of the 19th century.

      A precocious, congenitally deformed child of noble but apparently insensitive parents, Giacomo quickly exhausted the resources of his tutors. At the age of 16 he independently had mastered Greek, Latin, and several modern languages, had translated many classical works, and had written two tragedies, many Italian poems, and several scholarly commentaries. Excessive study permanently damaged his health: after bouts of poor vision, he eventually became blind in one eye and developed a cerebrospinal condition that afflicted him all his life. Forced to suspend his studies for long periods, wounded by his parents' unconcern, and sustained only by happy relationships with his brother and sister, he poured out his hopes and his bitterness in poems such as Appressamento della morte (written 1816, published 1835; “Approach of Death”), a visionary work in terza rima, imitative of Petrarch and Dante but written with considerable poetic skill and inspired by a genuine feeling of despair.

      Two experiences in 1817 and 1818 robbed Leopardi of whatever optimism he had left: his frustrated love for his married cousin, Gertrude Cassi (subject of his journal Diario d'amore and the elegy “Il primo amore”), and the death from consumption of Terese Fattorini, young daughter of his father's coachman, subject of one of his greatest lyrics, “A Silvia.” The last lines of this poem express the anguish he felt all his life: “O nature, nature, / Why dost thou not fulfill / Thy first fair promise? / Why dost thou deceive / Thy children so?”

      Leopardi's inner suffering was lightened in 1818 by a visit from the scholar and patriot Pietro Giordani, who urged him to escape from his painful situation at home. At last he went to Rome for a few unhappy months (1822–23), then returned home for another painful period, brightened only by the 1824 publication of his verse collection Canzoni. In 1825 he accepted an offer to edit Cicero's works in Milan. For the next few years he travelled between Bologna, Recanati, Pisa, and Florence and published Versi (1826), an enlarged collection of poems; and Operette morali (1827; “Minor Moral Works”), an influential philosophical exposition, mainly in dialogue form, of his doctrine of despair.

      Lack of money forced him to live at Recanati (1828–30), but he escaped again to Florence through the financial help of friends and published a further collection of poems, I canti (1831). Frustrated love for a Florentine beauty, Fanny Targioni-Tozzetti, inspired some of his saddest lyrics. A young Neapolitan exile, Antonio Ranieri, became his friend and only comfort.

      Leopardi moved to Rome, then to Florence, and finally settled in Naples in 1833, where, among other works, he wrote Ginestra (1836), a long poem included in Ranieri's posthumous collection of his works (1845). The death that he had long regarded as the only liberation came to him suddenly in a cholera epidemic in Naples.

      Leopardi's genius, his frustrated hopes, and his pain found their best outlet in his poetry, which is admired for its brilliance, intensity, and effortless musicality. His finest poems are probably the lyrics called “Idillii” in early editions of his poetry, among which is “A Silvia.” One English translation of his prose works is James Thomson's Essays, Dialogues, and Thoughts (1905). Among many translations of Leopardi's poetry are R.C. Trevelyan's Translations From Leopardi (1941) and J.-P. Barricelli's Poems (1963).

* * *

Источник: Leopardi, Giacomo

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