Электронная книга: Vaclav Smil «Making the Modern World. Materials and Dematerialization»
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How much further should the affluent world push its material consumption? Does relative dematerialization lead to absolute decline in demand for materials? These and many other questions are discussed and answered in Making the Modern World: Materials and Dematerialization. Over the course of time, the modern world has become dependent on unprecedented flows of materials. Now even the most efficient production processes and the highest practical rates of recycling may not be enough to result in dematerialization rates that would be high enough to negate the rising demand for materials generated by continuing population growth and rising standards of living. This book explores the costs of this dependence and the potential for substantial dematerialization of modern economies. Making the Modern World: Materials and Dematerialization considers the principal materials used throughout history, from wood and stone, through to metals, alloys, plastics and silicon, describing their extraction and production as well as their dominant applications. The evolving productivities of material extraction, processing, synthesis, finishing and distribution, and the energy costs and environmental impact of rising material consumption are examined in detail. The book concludes with an outlook for the future, discussing the prospects for dematerialization and potential constrains on materials. This interdisciplinary text provides useful perspectives for readers with backgrounds including resource economics, environmental studies, energy analysis, mineral geology, industrial organization, manufacturing and material science. Издательство: "John Wiley&Sons Limited"
ISBN: 9781118697979 электронная книга Купить за 3475.48 руб и скачать на Litres |
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Vaclav Smil
Vaclav Smil (* 1943 in Pilsen, heute Tschechien) ist US-amerikanischer Professor für Umweltwissenschaften an der University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, in Kanada.[1] Er beschäftigt sich vor allem mit interdisziplinären Fragen zu den Themen Energie, Umwelt, Nahrung, Bevölkerung, Wirtschaft, Geschichte und Public Policy.
Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Leben und Wirken
Smil studierte an der Karls-Universität Prag an der Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, wo er 1995 promoviert wurde. 1969, kurz nach dem Einmarsch der Warschauer-Pakt-Staaten in die ČSSR ging er in die Vereinigten Staaten, wo er auf der Pennsylvania State University studierte und mit einem Ph.D. abschloss.[2]
Smil meint, dass die Globalisierung nur auf der Oberfläche zu einer Angleichung der Lebensverhältnisse führe. Tatsächlich sei in den letzten Jahren die Ungleichheit in der sogenannten entwickelten Welt, etwa in den USA und in Kanada, stark gestiegen. "The surface may seem to be getting flatter (the same brands, cars, e-gadgets, the world of Sony, Toyota and LG, are encountered from Seoul to Soweto). But underneath, the differences (economic but also cultural and, most distressingly, the religious ones) are actually getting greater. This is not only in China and India (where the proverbial tide lifts all boats, but those of the new urban class float now relatively lot higher than decades ago) but for the past generation even in the U.S. and Canada, where inequality is increasing. Think of nearly 50 million Americans living on food stamps.[3][4]
2010 wurde er vom Magazin Foreign Policy zu den 100 einflussreichsten globalen Denkern gezählt (Platz 49).[5]
Veröffentlichungen
Monographien
- 2010 : Energy Myths and Realities: Bringing Science to the Energy Policy Debate The AEI Press, Washington, D.C., 212S. ISBN 978-0-8447-4328-8
- 2010 : Why America is Not a New Rome MIT Press Cambridge, 322 S. ISBN 978-0-262-19593-5
- 2008 : Global Catastrophes and Trends: The Next Fifty Years, MIT Press, Cambridge, xi + 307 S. ISBN 978-0262195867
- 2008 : Oil: A Beginner's Guide, Oneworld Publishers, Oxford, xiii + 202 S.
- 2007 : Energy in Nature and Society: General Energetics of Complex Systems, The MIT Press, Cambridge, xi + 480 S.
- 2006 : Transforming the Twentieth Century: Technical Innovations and Their Consequences, Oxford University Press, New York, x + 358 S.
- 2005 : Creating the Twentieth Century: Technical Innovations of 1867-1914 and Their Lasting Impact, Oxford University Press, New York, xv + 350 S.
- 2005 : Energy at the Crossroads Global Perspectives and Uncertainties, The MIT Press, Cambridge, xiv + 427 S.
- 2004 : China’s Past, China’s Future, RoutledgeCurzon, New York et Londres, xvi + 232 S.
- 2002 : The Earth's Biosphere: Evolution, Dynamics and Change, The MIT Press, Cambridge, xxviii + 360 S.
- 2001 : Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch and the Transformation of World Food Production, The MIT Press, Cambridge, xvii + 411 S.
- 2000 : Cycles of Life: Civilization and the Biosphere, Scientific American Library, New York, x + 221 S.
- 2000 : Feeding the World: A Challenge for the 21st Century, The MIT Press, Cambridge, xxviii + 360 S.
- 1998 : Energies: An Illustrated Guide to the Biosphere and Civilization, The MIT Press, Cambridge, xi + 217 S.
- 1994 : Energy in World History, Westview Press, Boulder, xviii + 300 S.
- 1993 : Global Ecology: Environmental Change and Social Flexibility, Routledge, London, xiii + 240 S.
- 1993 : China's Environment: An Inquiry into the Limits of National Development, M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, xix + 257 S.
- 1991 : General Energetics: Energy in the Biosphere and Civilization, John Wiley, New York, xiii + 369 S.
- 1988 : Energy in China's Modernization, M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, xiv + 250 S.
- 1987 : Energy Food Environment: Realities Myths Options, Oxford University Press, Oxford, ix + 361 S.
- 1985 : Carbon Nitrogen Sulfur: Human Interference in Grand Biospheric Cycles, Plenum Press, New York, xv + 459 S.
- 1984 : The Bad Earth: Environmental Degradation in China, M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, xvi + 245 S.
- 1983 : Biomass Energies: Resources, Links, Constraints, Plenum Press, New York, xxi + 453 S.
Weblinks
- Homepage
- Bill Gates zu Smil über Energiefragen
- Interview mit Smil (NYT) (2009)
- Interview mit Smil (American Scientist)
Einzelnachweise
- ↑ University of Manitoba: Faculty of Environment
- ↑ American Scientists
- ↑ "Local scientist’s theories on globalization and energy consumption have wide influence"
- ↑ http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/11/29/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers?page=0,35
- ↑ http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/11/29/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers?page=0,35
Источник: Vaclav Smil
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