Электронная книга: Gallatin Albert «Peace with Mexico»

Peace with Mexico

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Gallatin, Albert

▪ United States government official
in full  Abraham Alfonse Albert Gallatin  
born Jan. 29, 1761, Geneva, Switz.
died Aug. 12, 1849, Astoria, N.Y., U.S.
 fourth U.S. secretary of the Treasury (1801–14). He insisted upon a continuity of sound governmental fiscal policies when the Republican (Jeffersonian) Party assumed national political power, and he was instrumental in negotiating an end to the War of 1812.

      Gallatin plunged into business and public life after emigrating to the New World at age 19. Settling in Pennsylvania, he became a mainstay of the Anti-Federalists (and, later, the Jeffersonian Republicans) in that area and in 1795 was elected to the House of Representatives. There he inaugurated the House Committee on Finance, which later grew into the powerful Ways and Means Committee. In 1797–98 he helped to reduce Federalist-sponsored expenditures aimed at promoting hostilities with France. He was bitterly denounced by Federalists in Congress, and, when the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed in 1798, Thomas Jefferson believed they were partly intended to drive Gallatin from office.

      As secretary of the Treasury, Gallatin stressed simplicity in government and termination of the public debt. Despite heavy naval expenditures and the $15,000,000 Louisiana Purchase (1803), he managed to reduce the public debt by $23,000,000 within eight years.

      The declaration of war with Great Britain in 1812 shattered all of Gallatin's most cherished schemes, for he felt war to be fatal to the nation's prosperity and progress. He therefore put the nation's finances in the best order he could and set himself to attain an early peace. Grasping at Russia's proffered mediation of the war, he sailed for Europe in May 1813. Refusing to deal through Russia, Great Britain expressed its willingness to proceed with direct negotiations, and commissioners from the two countries finally met at Ghent in August 1814. In the tedious discussions that followed, Gallatin played the leading role, preserving peace among his colleagues and establishing an enviable reputation as a diplomat. Peace was signed in the Treaty of Ghent (December 24).

      While still in Europe, Gallatin was appointed minister to France (served 1816–23), after which he returned to the United States, only to be embroiled in a bitter intraparty political struggle. After serving briefly as minister to Great Britain (1826–27), he retired from public life and became president of the National (later the Gallatin) Bank in New York City (1831–39). A student of the Indian tribes in North America, he founded the American Ethnological Society of New York (1842) and has sometimes been called the “father of American ethnology (cultural anthropology).”

      (For Gallatin's opinion of the Mexican-American War (1846–48), see primary source document: The Unjust War with Mexico. (Unjust War with Mexico))

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Источник: Gallatin, Albert

См. также в других словарях:

  • Unjust War with Mexico — ▪ Primary Source       By 1847 Albert Gallatin s long and distinguished career of public service as a congressman, cabinet member, and diplomat was behind him. Most of those with whom he had worked and sometimes fought were dead, and at age 86 he …   Universalium

  • Treaty with Mexico — ▪ Primary Source       The treaty which closed the Mexican American War was negotiated on the part of the United States by Nicholas Trist, who, previous to his appointment as commissioner and confidential agent, had been chief clerk of the… …   Universalium

  • Mexico — • Situated at the extreme point of the North American continent, bounded on the north by the United States, on the east by the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, British Honduras, and Guatemala, and on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Peace Congresses — • Meetings of representatives of different nations to obtain a peaceful settlement of differences Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Peace Congresses     Peace Congresses   …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Mexico — /mek si koh /, n. 1. a republic in S North America. 97,563,374; 761,530 sq. mi. (1,972,363 sq. km). Cap.: Mexico City. 2. a state in central Mexico. 6,245,000; 8268 sq. mi. (21,415 sq. km). Cap.: Toluca. 3. Gulf of, Mexican, Golfo de México /gawl …   Universalium

  • Peace congress — A peace congress, in international relations, has at times been defined in a way that would distinguish it from a peace conference (usually defined as a diplomatic meeting to decide on a peace treaty), as an ambitious forum to carry out dispute… …   Wikipedia

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