Книга: Steinbeck John «In Dubious Battle»

In Dubious Battle

Производитель: "Penguin Group"

Today, nearly forty years after his death, Nobel Prize winner John Steinbeck remains one of Americaas greatest writers and cultural figures. We have begun publishing his many works for the first time as blackspine Penguin Classics featuring eye-catching, newly commissioned art. This season we continue with the seven spectacular and influential books East of Eden, Cannery Row, In Dubious Battle, The Long Valley, The Moon Is Down, The Pastures of Heaven, and Tortilla Flat. Penguin Classics is proud to present these seminal works to a new generation of readersaand to the many who revisit them again and again.

Издательство: "Penguin Group" (2015)

ISBN: 9780143039631

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Steinbeck, John

▪ American novelist
in full  John Ernst Steinbeck  
born Feb. 27, 1902, Salinas, Calif., U.S.
died Dec. 20, 1968, New York, N.Y.
 American novelist, best known for The Grapes of Wrath (1939), which summed up the bitterness of the Great Depression decade and aroused widespread sympathy for the plight of migratory farm workers. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature for 1962.

      Steinbeck attended Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., intermittently between 1920 and 1926 but did not take a degree. Before his books attained success, he spent considerable time supporting himself as a manual labourer while writing, and his experiences lent authenticity to his depictions of the lives of the workers in his stories. He spent much of his life in Monterey county, Calif., which later was the setting of some of his fiction.

      Steinbeck's first novel, Cup of Gold (1929), was followed by The Pastures of Heaven (1932) and To a God Unknown (1933), none of which were successful. He first achieved popularity with Tortilla Flat (1935), an affectionately told story of Mexican-Americans. The mood of gentle humour turned to one of unrelenting grimness in his next novel, In Dubious Battle (1936), a classic account of a strike by agricultural labourers and a pair of Marxist labour organizers who engineer it. The novella Of Mice and Men (1937), which also appeared in play and film versions, is a tragic story about the strange, complex bond between two migrant labourers. The Grapes of Wrath won a Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award and was made into a notable film in 1940. The novel is about the migration of a dispossessed family from the Oklahoma Dust Bowl to California and describes their subsequent exploitation by a ruthless system of agricultural economics.

      After the best-selling success of The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck went to Mexico to collect marine life with the freelance biologist Edward F. Ricketts, and the two men collaborated in writing Sea of Cortez (1941), a study of the fauna of the Gulf of California. During World War II Steinbeck wrote some effective pieces of government propaganda, among them The Moon Is Down (1942), a novel of Norwegians under the Nazis, and he also served as a war correspondent. His immediate postwar work—Cannery Row (1945), The Pearl (1947), and The Wayward Bus (1947)—contained the familiar elements of his social criticism but were more relaxed in approach and sentimental in tone.

      Steinbeck's later writings were comparatively slight works of entertainment and journalism interspersed with three conscientious attempts to reassert his stature as a major novelist: Burning Bright (1950), East of Eden (1952), and The Winter of Our Discontent (1961). In critical opinion, none equaled his earlier achievement. East of Eden, an ambitious epic about the moral relations between a California farmer and his two sons, was made into a film in 1955. Steinbeck himself wrote the scripts for the film versions of his stories The Pearl (1948) and The Red Pony (1949). Outstanding among the scripts he wrote directly for motion pictures were Forgotten Village (1941) and Viva Zapata! (1952).

      Steinbeck's reputation rests mostly on the naturalistic novels with proletarian themes he wrote in the 1930s; it is in these works that his building of rich symbolic structures and his attempts at conveying mythopoeic and archetypal qualities in his characters are most effective.

Additional Reading
Biographies and critical studies include Jackson J. Benson, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer (1984, reissued 1990); Jay Parini, John Steinbeck (1994); Roy Simmonds, John Steinbeck: The War Years, 1939–1945 (1996); Warren French, John Steinbeck, 2nd ed., rev. (1975, reissued 1984); Paul McCarthy, John Steinbeck (1980); R.S. Hughes, John Steinbeck: A Study of the Short Fiction (1989); John H. Timmerman, The Dramatic Landscape of Steinbeck's Short Stories (1990); and Donald R. Noble (ed.), The Steinbeck Question: New Essays in Criticism (1993).

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Источник: Steinbeck, John

См. также в других словарях:

  • In Dubious Battle — infobox Book | name = In Dubious Battle title orig = translator = image caption = First edition cover author = John Steinbeck cover artist = country = United States language = English series = genre = Novels publisher = Covici Friede release date …   Wikipedia

  • Dubious — Du bi*ous, a. [L. dubius, dubiosus, fr. duo two. See {Two}, and cf. {Doubt}.] 1. Doubtful or not settled in opinion; being in doubt; wavering or fluctuating; undetermined. Dubious policy. Sir T. Scott. [1913 Webster] A dubious, agitated state of… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • dubious — [do͞o′bē əs, dyo͞o′bē əs] adj. [L dubiosus, doubtful < dubius, doubting, uncertain < du < or akin to duo, TWO + IE base * bhu , *bheu , to BE] 1. causing doubt; ambiguous; vague [a dubious remark] 2. feeling doubt; hesitating; skeptical… …   English World dictionary

  • dubious — dubiously, adv. dubiousness, n. /dooh bee euhs, dyooh /, adj. 1. doubtful; marked by or occasioning doubt: a dubious reply. 2. of doubtful quality or propriety; questionable: a dubious compliment; a dubious transaction. 3. of uncertain outcome:… …   Universalium

  • dubious — /ˈdjubiəs / (say dyoohbeeuhs) adjective 1. doubtful; marked by or occasioning doubt: a dubious question. 2. of doubtful quality or propriety; questionable: a dubious transaction; a dubious compliment. 3. of uncertain outcome: in dubious battle. 4 …  

  • Battle of the Teutoburg Forest — Part of the Roman Germanic wars Cenotaph of Marcus Caelius, 1st …   Wikipedia

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