Книга: Steinbeck John «The Grapes of Wrath»

The Grapes of Wrath

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'I've done my damndest to rip a reader's nerves to rags, I don't want him satisfied.'Shocking and controversial when it was first published, The Grapes of Wrath is Steinbeck's Pultizer Prize-winning epic of the Joad family, forced to travel west from Dust Bowl era Oklahoma in search of the promised land of California. Their story is one of false hopes, thwarted desires and powerlessness, yet out of their struggle Steinbeck created a drama that is both intensely human and majestic in its scale and moral vision.

Издательство: "Penguin Group" (2014)

ISBN: 978-0-14-139488-6

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Steinbeck, John

▪ American novelist
in full  John Ernst Steinbeck  
born Feb. 27, 1902, Salinas, Calif., U.S.
died Dec. 20, 1968, New York, N.Y.
 American novelist, best known for The Grapes of Wrath (1939), which summed up the bitterness of the Great Depression decade and aroused widespread sympathy for the plight of migratory farm workers. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature for 1962.

      Steinbeck attended Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., intermittently between 1920 and 1926 but did not take a degree. Before his books attained success, he spent considerable time supporting himself as a manual labourer while writing, and his experiences lent authenticity to his depictions of the lives of the workers in his stories. He spent much of his life in Monterey county, Calif., which later was the setting of some of his fiction.

      Steinbeck's first novel, Cup of Gold (1929), was followed by The Pastures of Heaven (1932) and To a God Unknown (1933), none of which were successful. He first achieved popularity with Tortilla Flat (1935), an affectionately told story of Mexican-Americans. The mood of gentle humour turned to one of unrelenting grimness in his next novel, In Dubious Battle (1936), a classic account of a strike by agricultural labourers and a pair of Marxist labour organizers who engineer it. The novella Of Mice and Men (1937), which also appeared in play and film versions, is a tragic story about the strange, complex bond between two migrant labourers. The Grapes of Wrath won a Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award and was made into a notable film in 1940. The novel is about the migration of a dispossessed family from the Oklahoma Dust Bowl to California and describes their subsequent exploitation by a ruthless system of agricultural economics.

      After the best-selling success of The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck went to Mexico to collect marine life with the freelance biologist Edward F. Ricketts, and the two men collaborated in writing Sea of Cortez (1941), a study of the fauna of the Gulf of California. During World War II Steinbeck wrote some effective pieces of government propaganda, among them The Moon Is Down (1942), a novel of Norwegians under the Nazis, and he also served as a war correspondent. His immediate postwar work—Cannery Row (1945), The Pearl (1947), and The Wayward Bus (1947)—contained the familiar elements of his social criticism but were more relaxed in approach and sentimental in tone.

      Steinbeck's later writings were comparatively slight works of entertainment and journalism interspersed with three conscientious attempts to reassert his stature as a major novelist: Burning Bright (1950), East of Eden (1952), and The Winter of Our Discontent (1961). In critical opinion, none equaled his earlier achievement. East of Eden, an ambitious epic about the moral relations between a California farmer and his two sons, was made into a film in 1955. Steinbeck himself wrote the scripts for the film versions of his stories The Pearl (1948) and The Red Pony (1949). Outstanding among the scripts he wrote directly for motion pictures were Forgotten Village (1941) and Viva Zapata! (1952).

      Steinbeck's reputation rests mostly on the naturalistic novels with proletarian themes he wrote in the 1930s; it is in these works that his building of rich symbolic structures and his attempts at conveying mythopoeic and archetypal qualities in his characters are most effective.

Additional Reading
Biographies and critical studies include Jackson J. Benson, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer (1984, reissued 1990); Jay Parini, John Steinbeck (1994); Roy Simmonds, John Steinbeck: The War Years, 1939–1945 (1996); Warren French, John Steinbeck, 2nd ed., rev. (1975, reissued 1984); Paul McCarthy, John Steinbeck (1980); R.S. Hughes, John Steinbeck: A Study of the Short Fiction (1989); John H. Timmerman, The Dramatic Landscape of Steinbeck's Short Stories (1990); and Donald R. Noble (ed.), The Steinbeck Question: New Essays in Criticism (1993).

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Источник: Steinbeck, John

См. также в других словарях:

  • (the) Grapes of Wrath — The Grapes of Wrath [The Grapes of Wrath] a novel (1939) by the US writer John Steinbeck which won the ↑Pulitzer Prize. It tells the story of the Joad family, whose farm is ruined in the ↑Dust Bowl …   Useful english dictionary

  • The Grapes of Wrath — infobox Book name = Grapes of Wrath image caption= First edition cover author = John Steinbeck cover artist = Elmer Hader country = United States language = English genre = Novel publisher = The Viking Press James Lloyd release date = 1939 media… …   Wikipedia

  • The Grapes of Wrath — Früchte des Zorns (Titel des englischen Originals von 1939: The Grapes of Wrath) ist das bekannteste Werk des US amerikanischen Schriftstellers John Steinbeck. Der sozialkritische und naturalistisch geschriebene Roman schildert das Schicksal der… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • The Grapes of Wrath — Les Raisins de la colère (film) Pour les articles homonymes, voir Les Raisins de la colère. Les Raisins de la colère (The Grapes of Wrath, 1940), film américain de John Ford, d après le roman de John Steinbeck publié en 1939 et qui remporta le… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • The Grapes of Wrath — «Гроздья гнева» (англ. The Grapes of Wrath) роман Джона Стейнбека, опубликованный в 1939 году. Удостоен Пулитцеровской премии. Входит во многие учебные программы школ и колледжей США. Действие романа происходит во времена Великой депрессии.… …   Википедия

  • The Grapes of Wrath (opera) — The Grapes of Wrath is an opera based on John Steinbeck’s 1939 novel of the same title. The opera was commissioned by the Minnesota Opera and co produced with Utah Symphony Opera, with music by Ricky Ian Gordon and libretto by Michael Korie. The… …   Wikipedia

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