Книга: «Salvador Dali»

Salvador Dali

Производитель: "Prestel"

Серия: "Coloring Book"

Big art for little hands - this new`Salvador Dali Colouring Book`in Prestel`s new`Colouring Book`range is a beautifully produced colouring-in book. With plenty of space to colour outside the lines, the book is also designed to give children an early interest in some of the great masters. Sections of Dali`s masterpieces are there to inspire children`s creativity, whatever their age.

Издательство: "Prestel" (2011)

ISBN: 978-3-7913-3888-0

Купить за 821 грн (только Украина) в

Prestel

.

In common with the "Ceefax" and "ORACLE" teletext services provided by the BBC and ITV television companies, the system used a modified television to display information in a non-scrolling window of 40x24 text characters, with some simple graphics, conforming to the 1981 CEPT1 standard. Unlike the limited data available on Ceefax and Oracle, Prestel offered an extensive range of information that had been supplied both by a Prestel department at the Post Office and by third-party Information Providers. The range of IPs was wide, including the government and Parliament. This data was entered on a central Update Computer, "Duke", located in London, and then mirrored onto a number of satellites (mirrored computers known as IRCs) "Dryden", "Kipling", "Derwent", "Enterprise", "Dickens", "Keats", "Bronte", "Eliot" and "Austen" (among others) that were located throughout the country. Access was open to all users except for a number of CUGs (Closed User Groups) membership of which was provided to a controlled userbase, usually by a paid subscription. Mail was handled by a machine known as "Pandora". They were all GEC 4000 series machines.

Whilst the teletext services were provided free of charge, and were encoded as part of the regular television transmissions, Prestel data was transmitted via telephone lines to a set-top box terminal, and while this enabled interactive services and a crude form of e-mail to be provided, it also involved purchasing a suitable terminal, and paying both a monthly subscription and the cost of local telephone calls. On top of this, some services (notably parts of Micronet800) sold content on a paid-for basis. Each Prestel screen carried a price in pence in the top right-hand corner. Single screens could cost up to 99p.

The original idea was to persuade consumers to buy a modified television set with an inbuilt modem and a keypad remote control in order to access the service, but no more than a handful of models were ever marketed and they were prohibitively expensive. Set-top boxes were pioneered by the Nottingham Building Society for its customers, who could make financial transactions via Prestel. The access situation improved as home computers became more commonplace, and by the late 1980s it was possible to use a machine such as a BBC Micro or Atari computer, equipped with a 1200/75 baud modem and some simple software, to access the Prestel service. Even the more games-orientated Sinclair ZX Spectrum has a large number of users via a low-cost modem called the VTX-5000. It was possible to buy downloadable content such as simple games. This would be encoded in a series of pages that with body text that was not human-readable but encoded the content in blocks of rather less than 1 kilobyte at a time. The header and footer of these pages was normal, however, so users could watch the pages appearing one after another to build up the downloaded file. To charge for content, the final pages of the downloaded file were charged at 99p each until the total charged was within 99p of the total price, after which one page would be charged at the balance of the total price and subsequent pages were free.

Because the communication over telephone lines did not use any kind of error correction protocol it was prone to interference from line noise which would result in garbled text. This was particularly problematic with early home modems which used acoustic couplers because most home phones were hard-wired to the wall at that time.

However, it was still an expensive proposition, and as a result, Prestel only ever gained a limited market penetration among private consumers achieving a total of just 90,000 subscribers, with the largest user groups being Micronet800 with 20,000 users and Prestel Travel with 6,500 subscribers.

GEC Computers produced a number of national variants of Prestel which were sold to the PTTs of other countries, such as Italy, Austria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Germany, Singapore, [incomplete list] . Italy was the largest system with 180,000 subscribers. The Singapore system had a notable technology difference in that pages were not returned over the modem connection, but were returned using teletext methods over one of four TV channels reserved specially for the purpose, which had all scan lines encoded in teletext format. This higher bandwidth enabled use of a feature called Picture Prestel which was used to carry significantly higher resolution pictures than were available on other Prestel systems.

In 1990, BT introduced a new commercial model which effectively killed the domestic usage of the service. Finally in 1991 it was decided that BT should move away from providing Value Added Services and should focus on network provision. Consequently the various consumer and business services were run down or sold off with such services as Prestel Travel and BTIS (BT Insurance Service) becoming private networks services for third party providers.

The 1984 hacker intrusion into the (very likely unused) Prestel mailbox of the Duke of Edinburgh garnered the network some unfavourable press, particularly when the simplicity of its security measures became apparent. The subsequent failure to successfully prosecute the intruders contributed to the introduction of the Computer Misuse Act 1990.

The Prestel name and equipment was eventually sold by British Telecom, and purchased by a private company, Financial Express, in 1994 and renamed New Prestel. During this period, the platform software was redeveloped onto a SCO Unix and Linux x86 platform away from the massive mainframes that filled a room. Additionally, the Citiservice financial data product was successfully redeveloped in house after being outsourced to Datastream during the time with BT.

Prestel Online, which was an Internet service provider spinoff, was sold to Scottish Telecom, and as of 5 June 2002, has since been merged into their other ISP activities.

The dial-up viewdata service was run down as the Internet gained in popularity.

In contrast to the demise of the British system, the French equivalent of Prestel, Teletel/Minitel, which used the slightly superior CEPT2 standard, received substantial public backing when millions of Minitel terminals were handed out free to telephone subscribers (causing Alcatel huge financial problems). As a consequence the Teletel network became very popular in France, and remains well used, with access now also possible over the Internet.

A closed access videotex system based on the Prestel model was developed by the travel industry, and continues to be almost universally used by travel agents throughout the country: see Viewdata. The Prestel technology was also sold abroad to several countries, and in 1984 Prestel won a UK Queen's Award for Industry both for its innovative technology and use of British products (it largely ran on equipment provided by GEC).

References

*Fedida, S. and Malik, R. (1979). The Viewdata Revolution. London, UK, Associated Business Press, ISBN 0-85227-214-6

ee also

* Compunet
* World War II Colossus computer, also built by the Post Office Research Laboratories.

External links

* [http://www.atarimagazines.com/creative/v9n5/123_A_users_view_of_Prestel.php Review] of Prestel from 1983
* Text and images from a [http://www.crowsnest.co.uk/prestel/index.htm booklet] given out at "A Fanfare for Prestel" event at Wembley in March 1980.
* [http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/carlson/History/Prestel.htm A Short] History of Prestel

Источник: Prestel

Другие книги схожей тематики:

АвторКнигаОписаниеГодЦенаТип книги
Neret GillesSalvador DaliPainter, sculptor, writer, filmmaker, and all-round showman Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the 20th century's greatest exhibitionists and eccentrics. One of the first artists to apply the… — Taschen, Basic Art Series Подробнее...2017
1643бумажная книга
Salvador DaliBig art for little hands - this new "Salvador Dali Colouring Book" in Prestel's new" Colouring Book" range is a beautifully produced colouring-in book. With plenty of space to colour outside the… — Prestel, Coloring Book Подробнее...2011
635бумажная книга
Salvador DaliBig art for little hands - this new`Salvador Dali Colouring Book`in Prestel`s new`Colouring Book`range is a beautifully produced colouring-in book. With plenty of space to colour outside the lines… — Prestel, Coloring Book Подробнее...2011
821бумажная книга
Conroy MaddoxSalvador DaliИллюстрированный рассказ о жизни и творчестве знаменитого испанского живописца - сюрреалиста, виртуоза… — Benedikt Taschen, (формат: 235x310, 96 стр.) Подробнее...1983
580бумажная книга
King Elliott H.Salvador Dali: The Late WorkSalvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most famous and controversial artists of the twentieth century. This title focuses on Dali's work after 1940, presenting it as a multifaceted oeuvre that… — Yale University Press, - Подробнее...2013
4317бумажная книга
Neret Gilles, Descharnes RobertSalvador Dali. 1904-1989. The PaintingsThis book deals with the seminal surrealist. It explores Dali's grandiose and grotesque oeuvre. Picasso called Dali "an outboard motor that's always running." Dali thought himself a genius with a… — Taschen, Bibliotheca Universalis Подробнее...2017
2867бумажная книга
Otte TorstenSalvador Dali And Andy WarholFew figures tower over twentieth-century art like Salvador Dali and Andy Warhol. Their works were ground-breaking and incalculably influential, yet at the same time both artists were wildly popular… — Scheidegger&Spiess, - Подробнее...2016
3271бумажная книга
Feldhaus AnnaSalvador Dali&Philippe Halsman: Das Gemeinsame WerkSalvador Dal&# 237; wird an seinem ber&# 252;hmten Schnurrbart von einem Helikopter abgeseilt, schwerelos von Katzen durch die Luft gejagt oder in einem Regen aus Popcorn und Baguettes gezeigt… — Kehrer Verlag, - Подробнее...2015
1490бумажная книга
Salvador Dali. The Making of an ArtistThis extensive volume uncovers Dali’s influences, artistic development, and legacy, offering unprecedented access inside the world of the man behind the mustache. Through astute analysis of… — Flammarion, - Подробнее...2013
4901бумажная книга
Salvador Dali: The Reality of DreamsNow available again, this fascinating look at Dal'explores the forces that shaped the life and works of one of the modern art world’s most inscrutable and misunderstood figures. Concise yet… — Prestel, - Подробнее...
1248бумажная книга
Другие книги по запросу «Salvador Dali» >>

См. также в других словарях:

  • Salvador Dalí — Salvador Dalí …   Deutsch Wörterbuch

  • Salvador Dali — Salvador Dalí im Jahr 1965 mit seinem zahmen Ozelot, den er als Haustier hielt. Der legendäre gezwirbelte Schnurrbart war Diego Velásquez abgeschaut. Foto von Roger Higgins Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marqués de Púbol (* 11. Mai 1904 …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Salvador Dalí — im Jahr 1965 mit seinem zahmen Ozelot, den er als Haustier hielt. Der legendäre gezwirbelte Schnurrbart war vermutlich Diego Velásquez abgeschaut.[1] Foto von Roger Higgins Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marqués de Púbol (* 11. Mai …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Salvador Dalí — photographié par Carl van Vechten, le 29 novembre 1939 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Salvador Dalí — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Salvador Dalí Salvador Dalí en 1939. Fotografía de Carl Van Vechten. Nombre real Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech Nacimiento …   Wikipedia Español

  • Salvador Dali — Salvador Dalí Salvador Dalí Salvador Dalí photographié par Carl van Vechten, le 29 novembre 1939 …   Wikipédia en Français

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»