Электронная книга: Eliza Orzeszkowa «Gloria victis»

Gloria victis

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Eliza Orzeszkowa

Eliza Orzeszkowa
Born 6 June 1841(1841-06-06)
Milkowszczyzna, Russian Empire
Died 18 May 1910(1910-05-18) (aged 68)
Grodno, Russian Empire
Occupation novelist, essayist, publisher
Notable work(s) Meir Ezofowicz, Nad Niemnem, Cham, Bene nati
Spouse(s) Piotr Orzeszko
Stanisław Nahorski

Eliza Orzeszkowa (June 6, 1841 – May 18, 1910), was a Polish novelist and a leading writer of the Positivism in Poland during foreign Partitions. She was born to a noble Pawłowski family in Milkowszczyzna, and died in Grodno (now Hrodna, Belarus) nearby.[1] At the age of sixteen, Eliza married Piotr Orzeszko, a Polish nobleman twice her own age, who was exiled to Siberia after the January Uprising of 1863. They were legally separated in 1869.[2] She married again in 1894, after a 30-year-long loving relationship with Stanisław Nahorski who died a few years later.[3]

Bust of Eliza Orzeszkowa, Warsaw

Orzeszkowa wrote a series of 30 novels and 120 powerful sketches, dramas and novellas, dealing with the social conditions of her occupied country. Her novel Eli Makower (1875) describes the relations between the Jews and the Polish nobility; and Meir Ezofowicz (1878), the conflict between Jewish orthodoxy and modern liberalism. In 1888 Orzeszkowa wrote two novels about the Niemen River (now part of Belarus): Cham (The Boor) focused on the life of fishermen; and her most famous novel, Nad Niemnem (On the Niemen) – often compared to Pan Tadeusz – dealing with the issues of Polish aristocracy against the backdrop of political and social order. Her study on patriotism and cosmopolitanism appeared in 1880.[2] A uniform edition of her works was published in Warsaw between 1884–1888. Much of her output is available also in German translation.

In 1905 together with Henryk Sienkiewicz and Lev Tolstoy, Eliza Orzeszkowa was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature. The prize was awarded to Sienkiewicz. According to official records of the Nobel Prize committee, the idea of dividing the prize was rejected as an act of disparagement, and only the latter ended up as the laureate.[4]

Selected works

  1. Obrazek z lat głodowych 1866
  2. Ostatnia miłość, 1868
  3. Z życia realisty, 1868
  4. Na prowincji, 1870
  5. W klatce, 1870
  6. Cnotliwi, 1871
  7. Pamiętnik Wacławy, 1871
  8. Pan Graba, 1872
  9. Na dnie sumienia, 1873
  10. Marta, 1873
  11. Eli Makower, 1875
  12. Rodzina Brochwiczów, 1876
  13. Pompalińscy, 1876
  14. Maria, 1877
  15. Meir Ezofowicz, 1878
  16. Z różnych sfer, 1879–1882
  17. Widma, 1881
  18. Sylwek Cmentarnik, 1881
  19. Zygmunt Ławicz i jego koledzy, 1881
  20. Bańka mydlana, 1882–1883
  21. Pierwotni, 1883
  22. Niziny, 1885
  23. Dziurdziowie, 1885
  1. Mirtala, 1886
  2. Nad Niemnem (On the Niemen), 1888
  3. Cham (The Boor), 1888
  4. Panna Antonina (collection of novels), 1888
  5. W zimowy wieczór (collection of novels), 1888
  6. Czciciel potęgi, 1891
  7. Jędza, 1891
  8. Bene nati, 1891
  9. Westalka, 1891
  10. Dwa bieguny, 1893
  11. Melancholicy, 1896
  12. Australczyk, 1896
  13. Iskry (collection of novels), 1898
  14. Argonauci (The Argonauts),[5] 1900
  15. Ad astra. Dwugłos, 1904
  16. I pieśń niech zapłacze, 1904
  17. Gloria victis (collection of novellas), 1910

    Journalism for social justice

  18. Kilka słów o kobietach (On women),[6] 1870
  19. Patriotyzm i kosmopolityzm, 1880
  20. O Żydach i kwestii żydowskiej, 1882

References

  1. ^ "Eliza Orzeszkowa" from the Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
  2. ^ a b Prof. dr hab. Józef Bachórz, Eliza Orzeszkowa. Virtual Library of Polish Literature. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
  3. ^ Eliza Orzeszkowa. Słownik pisarzy polskich. Brykowisko. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
  4. ^ The Nobel Prize in Literature: Nominations and Reports 1901–1950
  5. ^ Project Gutenberg's "The Argonauts" by Eliza Orzeszko (aka Orzeszkowa). Translator: Jeremiah Curtin, 1901.
  6. ^ "Kilka słów o kobietach" by E. Orzeszkowa. Kujawsko-Pomorska Digital Library. Retrieved September 23, 2011.

External links

Источник: Eliza Orzeszkowa

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