Книга: Leon Uris «Trinity»

Leon Marcus Uris (August 3, 1924 – June 21, 2003) was an American novelist, known for his historical fiction and the deep research that went into his novels.^{[citation needed]} His two bestselling books were Exodus, published in 1958, and Trinity, in 1976.^[1]

Life

Leon Uris was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Jewish-American parents Wolf William and Anna (Blumberg) Uris. His father, a Polish-born immigrant, was a paperhanger, then a storekeeper. His mother was first-generation Russian American.^[2] William spent a year in Palestine after World War I before entering the United States. He derived his surname from Yerushalmi, meaning "man of Jerusalem." (His brother Aron, Leon Uris' uncle, took the name Yerushalmi) "He was basically a failure," Uris later said of his father. "I think his personality was formed by the harsh realities of being a Jew in Czarist Russia. I think failure formed his character, made him bitter."^[3]

At the age of six, Uris reportedly wrote an operetta inspired by the death of his dog. Uris attended schools in Norfolk, Virginia and Baltimore, but never graduated from high school, and failed English three times. When Uris was seventeen and in his senior year of high school, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and Uris enlisted in the United States Marine Corps. He served in the South Pacific, where he was stationed in New Zealand, and fought as a radioman in combat on Guadalcanal and Tarawa^[4] from 1942 through 1945. While recuperating from malaria in San Francisco, he met Betty Beck, a Marine sergeant; they married in 1945.

Coming out of the service, he worked for a newspaper, writing in his spare time. In 1950, Esquire magazine bought an article, and he began to devote himself to writing more seriously. Drawing on his experiences in Guadalcanal and Tarawa he produced the best-selling, Battle Cry, a novel depicting the toughness and courage of U.S. Marines in the Pacific. He then went to Warner Brothers in Hollywood helping to write the movie, which was extremely popular with the public, if not the critics.^[4] Later he went on to write The Angry Hills, a novel set in war-time Greece.

His best known work is the historical novel Exodus, which came out in 1958. Most sources say that Uris, motivated by an intense interest in Israel, financed his research for the novel by selling the film rights in advance to MGM and by writing newspaper articles about the Sinai campaign.^[5][6][7] It is said that the book involved two years of research, and involved thousands of interviews.^[8] Exodus illustrated the history of Palestine from the late 19th century through the founding of the state of Israel in 1948. It was a worldwide best-seller, translated into a dozen languages, and was made into a feature film in 1960, starring Paul Newman, directed by Otto Preminger, as well as into a short-lived Broadway musical (12 previews, 19 performances) in 1971.^[9] Uris' novel Topaz was adapted for the screen and directed by Alfred Hitchcock.^[10]

Uris' subsequent works included: Mila 18, a story of the Warsaw ghetto uprising; Armageddon: A Novel of Berlin, which chronicles the transition from early Military Government by the Western Allies leading up to, working through the Airlift (die Luftbrücke) and ends with the lifting of the Berlin Blockade in 1949; Trinity, an epic novel about Ireland's struggle for independence; QB VII, a novel about the role of a Polish doctor in a German concentration camp ; and The Haj, with insights into the history of the Middle East and the secret machinations of foreigners which have led to today's turmoil.

He also wrote the screenplays for Battle Cry and Gunfight at the O.K. Corral.

Uris was married three times: to Betty Beck, with whom he had three children, from 1945 through their divorce in 1968; Marjorie Edwards in 1969, who died a year later by suicide with a handgun.^[11] His third wife was Jill Peabody, with whom he had two children. They married in 1970 and divorced in 1989.

Leon Uris died of renal failure at his Long Island home on Shelter Island, aged 78.^[4]

Leon Uris's papers can be found at the Ransom Center, University of Texas in Austin. The collection includes all of Uris's novels, with the exception of The Haj and Mitla Pass, as well as manuscripts for the screenplay, Gunfight at the O.K. Corral.^[10]

Selected titles

• Battle Cry, 1953
• The Angry Hills, 1955
• Exodus, 1958
• Exodus Revisited, 1960 (GB title: In the Steps of Exodus)
• Mila 18, 1961
• Armageddon: A Novel of Berlin, 1963
• Topaz, 1967
• The Third Temple (with Strike Zion by William Stevenson), 1967
• QB VII, 1970
• Ireland, A Terrible Beauty, 1975 (with Jill Uris)
• Trinity, 1976
• Jerusalem: A Song of Songs, 1981 (with Jill Uris)
• The Haj, 1984
• Mitla Pass, 1988
• Redemption, 1995
• A God in Ruins, 1999
• O'Hara's Choice, 2003

See also

• List of bestselling novels in the United States

References

Further reading

• Ira Nadel. Leon Uris: Life of a Best Seller (University of Texas Press; 2010) 376 pages; scholarly biography

External links

• Inventory of Leon Uris novel and screenplay manuscripts and other documents