Книга: Ruth Brown «A Dark, Dark Tale»

Ruth Brown

Infobox musical artist
Name = Ruth Brown
Background = solo_singer
Born = birth date|1928|1|12|mf=y
Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
Died = death date and age|2006|11|17|1928|1|12|mf=y
Henderson, Nevada, USA
Instrument = Vocalist
Genre = Rhythm and Blues
Years_active = 1949-1993
Associated_acts =

Ruth Brown (January 12 1928 – November 17 2006) was an American R&B singer, and actress noted for bringing a popular music style to rhythm and blues in a series of hit songs for fledgling Atlantic Records in the 1950s, such as "So Long", "Teardrops from My Eyes" and "(Mama) He Treats Your Daughter Mean." For these contributions, Atlantic became known as "The house that Ruth built."

Following a resurgence that began in the mid-1970s and peaked in the eighties, Brown used her influence to press for musicians' rights regarding royalties and contracts, which led to the founding of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation. [cite book |title=The Definitive Illustrated Encyclopedia of Rock |last=Heatley |first=Michael |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2007 |publisher=Star Fire |location=London, United Kingdom |isbn=978 1 84451 996 5 ] Her performances in the Broadway musical "Black and Blue" earned Brown a Tony Award, and the original soundtrack won a Grammy Award.

Biography

Early life

Born Ruth Alston Weston in Portsmouth, Virginia, Brown's father was a dockhand who directed the local church choir, but the young Ruth showed more of an interest in singing at USO shows and nightclubs. She was inspired by Sarah Vaughan, Billie Holiday and Dinah Washington. [Bogdanov et al. "All Music Guide to the Blues: The Definitive Guide to the Blues" p. 79. Backbeat Books. ISBN 0879307366] In 1945, Brown ran away from her home in Portsmouth along with a trumpeter, Jimmy Brown, whom she soon married, to sing in bars and clubs. She then spent a month with Lucky Millinder's orchestra, but was fired after she brought drinks to the band for free, and was left stranded in Washington, D.C.

Career

Blanche Calloway, Cab Calloway's sister, also a bandleader, arranged a gig for Brown at a Washington nightclub called Crystal Caverns and soon became her manager. Willis Conover, a Voice of America disc jockey, caught her act and recommended her to Atlantic Records bosses, Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson. Brown was unable to audition as planned though, because of a serious car accident that resulted in a nine-month hospital stay. In 1948, however, Ertegün and Abramson drove to Washington from New York City to hear her sing in the club. Although her repertoire was mostly popular ballads, Ertegün convinced her to switch to rhythm and blues. His productions for her, however, retained her "pop" style, with clean, fresh arrangements and the singing spot on the beat with little of the usual blues singer's embroidery.

In her first audition, in 1949, she sang "So Long", which ended up becoming a hit. This was followed by Teardrops from My Eyes in 1950. Written by Rudy Toombs, it was the first upbeat major hit for Ruth Brown, establishing her as an important figure in R&B. Recorded for Atlantic Records in New York City in September 1950, and released in October, it was on Billboard's List of number-one R&B hits (United States) for 11 weeks. The huge hit earned her the nickname "Miss Rhythm" and within a few months Ruth Brown became the acknowledged queen of R&B. [cite book
first=
last=
authorlink=
coauthors= Jim Dawson & Steve Propes
year= 1992
title= What Was the First Rock'n'Roll Record
edition=
publisher= Faber & Faber
location= Boston & London
id=ISBN 0-571-12939-0 ]

She followed up this hit with "I'll Wait for You" (1951), "I Know" (1951), "5-10-15 Hours" (1953), "(Mama) He Treats Your Daughter Mean" (1953), "Oh What a Dream" (1954), "Mambo Baby" (1954) and "Don't Deceive Me" (1960). She also became known as "Little Miss Rhythm" and "the girl with the teardrop in her voice". In all, she was on the R&B charts for 149 weeks from 1949 to 1955, with 16 top 10 blues records including 5 number ones, and became Atlantic's most popular artist, earning Atlantic records the proper name of "The House that Ruth Built."

Later life

During the 1960s, Brown faded from public view to become a housewife and mother, and only returned to music in 1975 at the urging of Redd Foxx, followed by a series of comedic acting gigs, including a role in the sitcom "Hello, Larry" and the John Waters film "Hairspray" as local DJ Motormouth Maybelle, as well as Broadway appearances in "Amen Corner" and "Black and Blue", which earned her a Tony Award for her performance and a Grammy award for her album "Blues on Broadway", featuring hits from the show.

Brown's fight for musicians' rights and royalties in 1987 led to the founding of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation. She was inducted as a Pioneer Award recipient in its first year, 1989. In 1993, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as "The Queen Mother of the Blues".

She has become an iconic symbol to many black women for later generations, where she is also a favorite artist and inspiration for later blues artists such as Bonnie Raitt. Brown recorded and sang along with fellow rhythm and blues performer Charles Brown, a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and toured with Raitt on Raitt's tour in the late 1990s, "Road Tested". Her 1995 autobiography, "Miss Rhythm" ["Miss Rhythm" by Ruth Brown and Andrew Yule, 1996] , won the Gleason Award for music journalism.

Family life

*Oldest of seven children.Bernstein, Adam. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/17/AR2006111701411.html "Ruth Brown, 78; R& B Singer Championed Musicians' Rights"] . "Washington Post". November 18, 2006. Page B05. "URL retrieved on January 9, 2007".]
*Husband Jimmy Brown (trumpeter): he was found to be already married
*Earl Swanson (saxophonist), married in 1955; father of her son Earl Swanson Jr.
*Bill Blunt (police officer), married three years
*She had a son, Ronald David Jackson ("Ronnie"), with Drew Brown, though he grew up believing that her former companion and accompanist Willis "Gator" Jackson was his father
*She also had a brief relationship with Clyde McPhatter of the Drifters.
*Her nephew Rakim is considered one of the most influential rappers in the history of the rap genre. [ [http://www.rhapsody.com/raphiphop/eastcoastraphiphop/eastcoaststreetpoets/more.html East Coast Street Poets review] . Rhapsody Online. "URL retrieved on January 9, 2007".]

Brown died in a Las Vegas-area hospital on November 17, 2006, from complications following a heart attack and stroke she suffered after surgery in October 2006.Clarke, Norm (November 10, 2006). [http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2006/Nov-10-Fri-2006/news/10747697.html Ruth Brown fights for life at Hospital.] "Las Vegas Review-Journal"] A memorial concert for her was held on 22 January 2007 at the Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem, New York. [" [http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_html_b1?release_id=204896 Memorial Evening to Honor the Legendary Ruth Brown] ". Rhythm and Blues Foundation press release. Market Wire. January 18, 2007. "URL retrieved on February 18, 2007".]

Discography

ingles

References

External links

*allmusic|11:y69us36ba3vg~t1
*ibdb|33357
*imdb|0114616

* [http://www.rockhall.com/hof/inductee.asp?id=72 Ruth Brown] at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
* [http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/brown_ruth/bio.jhtml Ruth Brown biography] at VH1
* [http://www.jazzdisco.org/atlantic/ Atlantic Records discography]

Источник: Ruth Brown