Книга: Konstantin Paustovsky «A Book about Artists»

Konstantin Paustovsky

Konstantin Georgiyevich Paustovsky ( _ru. Константин Георгиевич Паустовский, OldStyleDate|31 May|1892|19 May)—July 14, 1968) was a Russian Soviet writer nominated for the Nobel Prize for literature in 1965.

Early life

Konstantin Paustovsky was born in Moscow. His father, descendant of the Zaporizhia Cossacks, was a railroad statistician, and was “an incurable romantic and protestant”. His mother came from the family of a Polish intellectual. Konstantin grew up in Ukraine, partly in the countryside and partly in Kiev. He studied in “the First Imperial” classical Gymnasium of Kiev, where he was the classmate of Mikhail Bulgakov. When Konstantin was in the 6-th grade his father left the family, so he was forced to give private lessons in order to earn a living. In 1912 he entered the University of Kiev, the faculty of the Natural History. In 1914 Konstantin Paustovsky transferred to the Law faculty of the University of Moscow, but World War I interrupted his education. At first he worked as a trolley-man in Moscow, then served as a paramedic in a hospital train. During 1915, his medical unit retreated all the way through Poland and Byelorussia. After two of his brothers died on the front line, Konstantin returned to his mother in Moscow, but later he left and wandered around, trying his hands at many jobs. He started with the metallurgical factories in Yekaterinoslav (now: Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine) and Yuzovka (now: Donetsk, Ukraine). In 1916 he lived in Taganrog, where he worked at the Taganrog Boiler Factory (now: Krasny Kotelschchik). Later Konstantin Paustovsky joined a cooperative association of fishermen (artel) in Taganrog, where he started his first novel Романтики ("Romantiki", Romantics) to be published in 1935. The novel, its content and feelings agreed with its title. It was author’s story of what he had to see and feel in his youth. One of the heroes, the old Oscar, was an artist who resisted all of his life, people forcing him to become a moneymaker. The main theme throughout “Romantics” – destiny of an artist who strives to overcome his loneliness – was later used in other works of Paustovsky. In his later works, as Разговор о рыбе (“Razgovor o ribe”, Conversation about the Fish), Азовское подполье "“Azovskoe podpolie”, Azov Underground), Порт в траве (“Port v trave”, Seaport in The Grass) and others, Paustovsky described the time spent in Taganrog.

Novels and Poetry

Paustovsky started writing while still in Gymnasium. His first works were imitative poetry. He eventually limited his writing to prose. This was after receiving the opinion of Ivan Bunin who wrote in a letter, "I think that your sphere, your real poetry, is prose. It is here, if you are determined enough, that I am sure you can achieve something significant." His first stories to be published were “Na vode” (“On The Water”) and “Chetvero” (“The Four”) in 1911 and 1912. The first books were influenced by Alexander Grin as well as the writers of the "Odessa school" (Isaac Babel, Valentin Kataev, Yuri Olesha). During World War I, he created some sketches relaying his impressions of life at the front line, and one of them was also published. His first book, “Morskiye Nabroski” (“Sea Sketches”) was published in 1925, but was little noticed. It was followed by “Minetoza” in 1927, and the romantic novel “Blistaiushie Oblaka” (“Shining Clouds”) in 1929. In 1930s Paustovsky visited various constructions sites and wrote in praise of the industrial transformation of the country. To that period belong the novels Kara-Bugaz (1932) and Kolkhida (1934). Kara-Bugaz won particular praise. It is essentially a tale of adventure and exploration around and near the Kara-Bugaz Bay, where the air is mysteriously heavy. It begins in 1847 and moves to Russian Civil War period when a group of Red Guards are abandoned to near-certain death on a desolate island. There are, however, survivors, who are rescued by an explorer. Some of the survivors continue on to help in the exploration, development and study of the natural wealth of the region.

Paustovsky continued to explore historical themes in Severnaya Povest ("Tale of the North") (1938). In this tale, following the anti-Tsarist Decembrist uprising in Saint Petersburg, a wounded officer who took part in the uprising and a sailor try to make it by foot across the ice to Sweden. They are captured amid a series of dramatic events. Years later, in Leningrad of the 1930s, the great-grandsons of the participants in the events unexpectedly meet. During late 1930s, Russian nature emerged as a central theme and leitmotif for Paustovsky, for example, in Letniye Dni ("Summer Days") (1937) and Meshcherskaya Storona (1939). For Paustovsky, nature was a many-faceted splendor in which man can free himself from daily cares and regain his spiritual equilibrium. This focus on nature drew comparisons with Mikhail Prishvin. And, in fact, Prishvin himself wrote in his diary, "If I were not Prishvin, I would like to write like Paustovsky."

During World War II Paustovsky served as a war correspondent on the southern front. From 1948 until 1955 he taught at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute. In 1943 Paustovsky produced a screenplay for the Gorky Film Studio production of "Lermontov", directed by A. Gendelshtein. Another work of note is Tale of the Woods, 1948. This story opens in remote forest in the 1890s, where Tchaikovsky is working on a symphony. The daughter of the local forester often brings Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky berries. Half a century later, the daughter of this young girl is now a laboratory technician at the local forest station.

Paustovsky also edited a few literary collections, Literary Moscow (1956) and Pages from Tarusa, in which he tried to bring new writers to the public's attention and to publish writers suppressed during the Stalin years.

Other major works include "Snow", Crossing Ships (1928); The Black Sea (1936); Summer Days (1937); and The Rainy Dawn (1946). He is also the author of several plays and fairy tales, including "Steel Ring".

Autobiography

Perhaps Paustovsky’s most famous work is his autobiography “Povest o Zhizni” (“Story of a Life”). It is not a strictly historical document but rather a long, lyrical tale focusing on the internal perceptions and poetic development of the writer . It has been called a "biography of the soul" rather than a biography of events. Nonetheless, it does provide a unique bystanders view of life in Russia during the turbulent years of the war and the overthrow of the czar.

Nobel prize nomination

In 1965, Paustovsky was nominated for a Nobel Prize for literature, but due to pressure from Soviet authorities, the prize was awarded instead to Mikhail Sholokhov as more loyal to the Soviet regime.

In February 1966 he was one of more than 125 prominent figures from science and the arts who signed a letter to the 23rd Communist Party of the Soviet Union Congress appealing against re-Stalinization.

He died in Moscow on July 14, 1968.

Quotes

* Anticipation of happy days is sometimes much better than those days.
* A Man must be smart, unpretentious, fair, courageous and kind. Only then he can be entitled to be called a Man.
* Let's just not talk about love. We still don't know what it is.
* If we deprive the man of his ability to dream, one of the greatest motives that drives culture, arts, science and desire to fight for the beautiful future will fall away.
* "From the book of dream interpretations": if a poet saw in a dream his money coming to an end - that's for new poetry.
* Savrasov painted the "The Rooks Have Come Back" quickly - he was afraid for rooks fly away.
* The favorite theme of Chekhov: There was a wonderful and healthy forest, a forester was invited to take care of, the forest quickly withered and died.
* Assiduity is also a talent. Some writers should be photographed (from) the rear end instead of full face.
* Turgenev lacked the health of Leo Tolstoy and the disease of Dostoevsky.
* I believe that the foundations of the literature are imagination and reminiscences, that's why I never use notebooks. When you take a phrase from your book of notes, and put it into the text that you're writing in a different moment of time and in a different mood, that phrase shrivels and dies. I recognize notebooks only as a genre.

External links

* [http://paustovskiy.niv.ru Konstantin Paustovsky bio, photos and works in Russian]
* [http://www.sovlit.com/bios/paustovsky.html ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOVIET WRITERS-Paustovsky, Konstantin Georgievich]

Источник: Konstantin Paustovsky