Книга: Giacomo Puccini «Gianni Schicchi...»
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. Издательство: "Nabu Press" (2012)
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Giacomo Puccini
Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (
Early life
Puccini was born in
In 1880, with the help of a relative and a grant, Puccini enrolled in the
The work anticipates Puccini's career as an operatic composer by offering glimpses of the dramatic power that he would soon unleash on the stage; the powerful “arias” for tenor and bass soloists are certainly more operatic than is usual in church music and, in its orchestration and dramatic power, the "Messa" compares interestingly with Verdi's "Requiem".
While studying at the Conservatory, Puccini obtained a
Puccini at Torre del Lago
From 1891 onwards, Puccini spent most of his time at
The "Villa Museo Puccini" is presently owned by his granddaughter, Simonetta Puccini, and is open to the public.
Operas written at Torre del Lago
"Manon Lescaut" (1893), his third opera, was his first great success. It launched his remarkable relationship with the librettists
*"
*"
*"
After 1904, compositions were less frequent. Following his passion for driving fast cars, Puccini was nearly killed in a major accident in 1903. In 1906 Giacosa died and, in 1909, there was scandal after Puccini's wife, Elvira, falsely accused their maid Doria Manfredi of having an affair with Puccini. The maid then committed
However, Puccini completed "
In 1918, "
The final years
A habitual Toscano cigar chain smoker, Puccini began to complain of chronic sore throats towards the end of 1923. A diagnosis of
Puccini died there on
"
When
Toscanini edited Alfano's suggested completion ('Alfano I'), to produce a version now known as 'Alfano II', and this is the version usually used in performance. However, some musicians (eg Ashbrook & Powers, 1991) consider Alfano I to be a more dramatically complete version. In 2002, an official new ending was composed by
Politics
Unlike
This notwithstanding, Fascist propaganda appropriated Puccini's figure, and one of the most widely played marches during Fascist street parades and public ceremonies was the "Inno a Roma" (Hymn to Rome), composed in 1919 by Puccini over lyrics written by Fausto Salvatori, based on these verses from
"Alme Sol, curru nitido diem qui / Promis et celas alius que et idem / Nasceris, possis nihil urbe Roma / Visere maius."(O Sun, that unchanged, yet ever new, / Lead'st out the day and bring'st it home, / May nothing be present to thy view / Greater than Rome!)
Style
The subject of Puccini's style is one that has been long avoided by musicologists; this avoidance can perhaps be attributed to the perception that his work, with its emphasis on melody and evident popular appeal, lacked "seriousness" (a similar prejudice beset Rachmaninoff during his lifetime). Despite the place Puccini clearly occupies in the popular tradition of Verdi, his style of orchestration also shows the strong influence of Wagner, matching specific orchestral configurations and timbres to different dramatic moments. His operas contain an unparalleled manipulation of orchestral colors, with the orchestra often creating the scene’s atmosphere.
The structures of Puccini's works are also noteworthy. While it is to an extent possible to divide his operas into arias or numbers (like Verdi's), his scores generally present a very strong sense of continuous flow and connectivity, perhaps another sign of Wagner’s influence. Like Wagner, Puccini used
Another distinctive quality in Puccini's works is the use of the voice in the style of speech: characters sing short phrases one after another as if they were talking to each other. Puccini is celebrated, on the other hand, for his melodic gift, and many of his melodies are both memorable and enduringly popular. These melodies are often made of sequences from the scale, a very distinctive example being "Quando me'n vo"' (Musetta's Waltz) from "La Bohème" and "E Lucevan le Stelle" from Act III of "Tosca". Today, it is rare not to find at least one Puccini aria included in an operatic singer's CD album or recital.
Music
Although Puccini is mainly known for his operas, he also wrote some orchestral pieces, sacred music, chamber music and songs for voice and piano.
Puccini's operas
* "
** second version (in two acts – premiered at the Teatro Regio, 26 December 1884)
** third version (in two acts – premiered at the
** fourth version (in two acts – premiered at the Teatro dal Verme, 7 November 1889)
* "Edgar", libretto by Ferdinando Fontana (in four acts – premiered at the Teatro alla Scala, 21 April 1889)
** second version (in four acts – premiered at the Teatro del Giglio, 5 September 1891)
** third version (in three acts – premiered at the Teatro Comunale, 28 January 1892)
** fourth version (in three acts – premiered at the
* "Manon Lescaut", libretto by
** second version (premiered at the Teatro Coccia, 21 December 1893)
* "
* "
* "
** second version (in two acts – premiered at the Teatro Grande di Brescia, 28 May 1904)
** third version (premiered at
** fourth version (premiered at the
** fifth version (premiered at the Teatro Carcano, 9 December 1920)
* "
** second version (premiered at the Teatro alla Scala, 29 Decembre 1912)
* "
** second version (premiered at the Opéra of Monte Carlo, 10 April 1920)
** third version (possible premier at the Teatro Verdi, 11 April 1924); orchestration of the third act completed in 1994 by
* "
* "
Puccini's other works and versions
(with dates of premieres and locations)
*"A te" (c.1875)
*"Preludio a orchestra" (1876)
*"Plaudite populi" (Lucca, 1877)
*"Credo" (Lucca, 1878)
*"Vexilla Regis" (1878)
*"Messa a 4 voci con orchestra" (Lucca, 1880) Published in 1951 as "Messa di Gloria"
*"Adagio in A major" (1881)
*"Largo Adagetto in F major " (c.1881-83)
*"Salve del ciel Regina" (c.1882)
*"Mentìa l’avviso" (c.1882)
*"Preludio Sinfonico in A major" (Milan, 1882)
*"Fugues" (c.1883)
*"Scherzo in D" (1883)
*"Storiella d’amore" (1883)
*"Capriccio Sinfonico" (Milan, 1883)
*"Sole ed amore" (1888)
*"Crisantemi" (String Quartet, 1890, "Alla memoria di Amadeo di Savoia Duca d'Aosta")
*"Minuetto n.1" (String Quartet, published about 1892, "A.S.A.R. Vittoria Augusta di Borbone, Principessa di Capua")
*"Minuetto n.2" (String Quartet, published about 1892, "All'esimio violinista prof. Augusto Michelangeli")
*"Minuetto n.3" (String Quartet, published about 1892, "All'amico maestro Carlo Carignani")
*"Piccolo valzer" (1894)
*"Avanti Urania!" (1896)
*"Scossa elettrica" (1896)
*"Inno a Diana" (1897)
*"E l'uccellino" (1899)
*"Terra e mare" (1902)
*"Canto d’anime" (1904)
*"Requiem" (27-Jan-1905, Milan)
*"Casa mia, casa mia" (1908)
*"Sogno d'or" (1913)
*"Pezzo per pianoforte" (1916)
*"Morire?" (c.1917) - sometimes used in an alternate ending to "
*"Inno a Roma" (1-Jun-1919, Rome)
Centres for Puccini Studies
Founded in 1996 in Lucca, the Centro studi Giacomo Puccini embraces a wide range of approaches to the study of Puccini's work.
In the USA, the American Center for Puccini Studies specializes in the presentation of unusual performing editions of composer's works and introduces many neglected or unknown Puccini pieces to the music loving public. It was founded in 2004 by a leading Puccini artist and scholar, Dr. Harry Dunstan.
Detailed information about both organizations exists on their websites.
Media
* [http://www.magazzini-sonori.it/esplora_contenuti/autori_esecutori/puccini_giacomo.aspx Puccini: listen to Puccini's music (airs from the operas, and other works)] on [http://www.magazzini-sonori.it/ Magazzini-Sonori] .
ee also
*
*
*; librettist for Puccini's first two operas
References
*cite book | last=Lynn | first=Karyl Charna | coauthors= | title=Italian Opera Houses and Festivals | location=Lanham, MD | publisher=The Scarecrow Press | year=2005 | isbn=0810853590
*cite book | last=Puccini | first=Simonetta (ed.) | title=Giacomo Puccini in Torre del Lago | location=Viareggio, Tuscany | publisher=Friends of Giacomo Puccini's Houses Association | year=2006 | isbn=
*cite book | last=Phillips-Matz| first=Mary Jane | title=Puccini: a biography | location=Boston | publisher=Northeastern University Press | year=2002 | isbn=1555535305
*
*cite web | first = | title = Puccini Vocal and Instrumental Music|publisher=Centro Studi di Giacomo Puccini|url=http://www.puccini.it/scientifica/catmusic.htm| accessdate = 2008-02-06
*cite web | first = | title = Puccini Operas|publisher=Centro Studi di Giacomo Puccini|url=http://www.puccini.it/scientifica/catalogo%20opere.htm| accessdate = 2008-02-06
*Ashbrook W & Powers H (1991) "Puccini's Turandot:The End of the Great Tradition", Princeton Univ. Press
*Carner, Mosco (1959) "Puccini:A Critical Biography", Alfred Knopf
External links
* [http://w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de/cmp/puccini.html Giacomo Puccini ] at w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de
* [http://www.operapaedia.org/Home.aspx San Diego Opera's Operapaedia ] at www.operapaedia.org
* [http://www.puccini.it/ Centro Studi di Giacomo Puccini]
* [http://pucciniamerica.org. American Center for Puccini Studies]
* [http://www.puccinielasualucca.it/ Festival Puccini e la sua Lucca]
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061806/Giacomo-Puccini Encyclopaedia Britannica, Giacomo Puccini]
* [http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/search.php?query=puccini&queryType=%40attr+1%3D1016 Puccini cylinder recordings] , from the
*WIMA|idx=Puccini|name=Giacomo Puccini
* [http://www.classicistranieri.com/dblog/articolo.asp?articolo=6121 Manon Lescaut] MP3 Creative Commons Recording
* [http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800301692/filmography Puccini's music in movies]
* [http://www.liberliber.it/audioteca/p/puccini/index.htm Free MP3 Puccini's operas]
*worldcat id|id=lccn-n79-119152
*
Persondata
NAME= Puccini, Giacomo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Puccini, Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria
SHORT DESCRIPTION=Italian composer
DATE OF BIRTH=
PLACE OF BIRTH=
DATE OF DEATH=
PLACE OF DEATH=
Источник: Giacomo Puccini
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