Книга: Robert Wiedersheim «Elements Of The Comparative Anatomy Of Vertebrates (1897)»
Серия: "-" Книга представляет собой репринтное издание 1897 года (издательство "London, Macmillan" ). Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по восстановлению первоначального качества издания, на некоторых страницах могут обнаружиться небольшие" огрехи" :помарки, кляксы и т. п. Издательство: "Книга по Требованию" (1897)
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Robert Wiedersheim
Robert Wiedersheim (1848 – 1923) was a German
Already during his school years Wiedersheim showed an interest in
In 1893 he published a list of vestigial organs. He writes, "comparative morphology points not only to the essentially similar plan of organization of the bodies of all vertebrates, ... but also to the occurrence in them of certain organs, or parts of organs, now known as 'vestigial.' “By such organs are meant those which were formerly of greater physiological significance than at present.”
He picked up on Darwin’s concept of “rudimentary” organs such as listed in the "
Some biologists have asserted that it is impossible to identify useless organs.
Many vestigial organs have now been discovered by medical science to have fundamental uses without which selection value is reduced. Many others simply act as "backup" being able to mimic or complement the function of other organs.
Although originally publishing 86, later interpretations enlarged Wiedersheim's list to 180 vestiges. Thus the zoologist Newman stated in the
It is important to note that a vestige is not necessarily a completely useless organ. Although defined as "useless" in popular media, a vestige as defined in evolutionary biology may still have some use, but the use has since diminished. This definition is consistent with Wiedersheim, who said that vestigial organs are "wholly or in part functionless" (Wiedersheim 1893, p. 200) and have "lost their original physiological significance" (p. 205).
Structures included in Wiedersheim’s list of 86 vestigial organs
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* Nodes on ears, "Darwin's points"
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* Valves in
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* Garious Exemptous
See also
References
*Wiedersheim, R. (1893) The Structure of Man: An Index to His Past History. Second Edition. Translated by H. and M. Bernard. London: Macmillan and Co. 1895.
*Goerttler K. Wegbereiter unserer Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Moderne: 219 Biographien zur Portrait-Sammlung des Anatomen Robert Wiedersheim (1848-1923)Academia-Press, Germany, 2003. ISBN 3-00-011942-6 / 3000119426 http://www.naturwissenschaftler-lexikon.de
Источник: Robert Wiedersheim
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