Книга: Svante Arrhenius «Theories Of Solutions»
Серия: "-" Книга представляет собой репринтное издание 1912 года (издательство "New Haven, Yale university press;" ). Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по восстановлению первоначального качества издания, на некоторых страницах могут обнаружиться небольшие" огрехи" :помарки, кляксы и т. п. Издательство: "Книга по Требованию" (1912)
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Svante Arrhenius
Infobox Scientist
name = Svante Arrhenius
image_size = 180px
birth_date = birth date|1859|2|19|mf=y
birth_place =
nationality =
death_date = death date and age|1927|10|2|1859|2|19
death_place =
field =
work_institution =
alma_mater =
doctoral_advisor =
doctoral_students = Oskar Benjamin Klein
known_for =
prizes = nowrap|
religion =
footnotes =
Svante August Arrhenius (
Biography
Early years
Arrhenius was born at Vik (also spelled Wik or Wijk), near
In later life, Arrhenius enjoyed using masses of data to discover mathematical relationships and laws. At age 8, he entered the local cathedral school, starting in the
At the University of Uppsala, he was unsatisfied with the chief instructor of physics and the only faculty member who could have supervised him in chemistry,
There were 56 theses put forth in the 1884 dissertation, and most would still be accepted today unchanged or with minor modifications. The most important idea in the dissertation was his explanation of the fact that neither pure
Arrhenius' explanation was that in forming a solution, the salt dissociates into charged particles (which
The dissertation was not very impressive to the professors at Uppsala, but Arrhenius sent it to a number of scientists in Europe who were developing the new science of
Middle period
Arrhenius next received a travel grant from the Swedish Academy of Sciences, which enabled him to study with Ostwald in
In 1889 Arrhenius explained the fact that most reactions require added heat energy to proceed by formulating the concept of
In 1891 he became a lecturer at "Stockholms Högskola" (now
He was married twice, to Sofia Rudbeck (his former pupil), who bore him one son, although the marriage only lasted two years from 1894 to 1896, and to Maria Johansson (who bore him two daughters and a son), from 1905 until his death.
About 1900, Arrehenius became involved in setting up the Nobel Institutes and the
Later years
Eventually, Arrhenius' theories became generally accepted and he turned to other scientific topics. In 1902 he began to investigate physiological problems in terms of chemical theory. He determined that reactions in living organisms and in the test tube followed the same laws. In 1904 he delivered at the
He thought life might have been carried from planet to planet by the transport of
In an extension of his
In his last years he wrote both textbooks and popular books, trying to emphasize the need for further work on the topics he discussed.
In September, 1927, he came down with an attack of acute intestinal
Greenhouse effect
Arrhenius developed a theory to explain the
] ", Philosophical Magazine 1896(41): 237-76). He was influenced by the work of others, including
Arrhenius estimated that halving of CO2 would decrease temperatures by 4 - 5 °C and a doubling of CO2 would cause a temperature rise of 5 - 6 degrees Celsius [ [http://www.aip.org/history/climate/co2.htm The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect ] at www.aip.org] or 7 - 11 degrees Fahrenheit. Recent (2007) estimates from
ee also
*
*
Bibliography
*Svante Arrhenius, 1884, "Recherches sur la conductivité galvanique des électrolytes", doctoral dissertation, Stockholm, Royal publishing house, P.A. Norstedt & söner, 89 pages.
*Svante Arrhenius, 1896a, "Ueber den Einfluss des Atmosphärischen Kohlensäurengehalts auf die Temperatur der Erdoberfläche", in the Proceedings of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Stockholm 1896, Volume 22, I N. 1, pages 1–101.
*Svante Arrhenius, 1896b, " [http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/
] ", London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science (fifth series), April 1896. vol 41, pages 237–275.
*Svante Arrhenius, 1901a, "Ueber die Wärmeabsorption durch Kohlensäure", Annalen der Physik, Vol 4, 1901, pages 690–705.
*Svante Arrhenius, 1901b, "Über Die Wärmeabsorption Durch Kohlensäure Und Ihren Einfluss Auf Die Temperatur Der Erdoberfläche". Abstract of the proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science, 58, 25–58.
*Svante Arrhenius, 1903, "Lehrbuch der Kosmischen Physik", Vol I and II, S. Hirschel publishing house, Leipzig, 1026 pages.
*Svante Arrhenius, 1908, "Das Werden der Welten", Academic Publishing House, Leipzig, 208 pages.Germany
References
Further reading
*
* Crawford, Elisabeth T. "Arrhenius: from ionic theory to the greenhouse effect" Canton, MA: Science History Publications. ISBN 0881351660
*Patrick Coffey, "Cathedrals of Science: The Personalities and Rivalries That Made Modern Chemistry", Oxford University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-19-532134-0
External links
* [http://www.magnet.fsu.edu/education/tutorials/pioneers/arrhenius.html Pioneers in Electricity and Magnetism - Svante Arrhenius] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1903/arrhenius-lecture.html Nobel Lecture] "Development of the Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation" from Nobelprize.org website
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1903/arrhenius-bio.html Biography] Biography from Nobelprize.org website
* [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/Obs../0050//0000363.000.html Obs 50 (1927) 363] - Obituary (one paragraph)
* [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0039//0000385.000.html PASP 39 (1927) 385] - Obituary (one paragraph)
* [http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/page.asp?id=5971 Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927)]
Persondata
NAME= Arrhenius, Svante
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION= Physical chemist
DATE OF BIRTH=
PLACE OF BIRTH=
DATE OF DEATH=
PLACE OF DEATH=
Источник: Svante Arrhenius
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