Книга: Jeremy Taylor, Jon Wright «IELTS Advantage: Reading Skills»
IELTS ADVANTAGE: READING SKILLS is a fully comprehensive resource for passing the IELTS Academic Reading Test with a grade of 6. 5-7. 0 or higher. Students who are taking the General IELTS Test can also benefit from the book. This book teaches a range of key strategies for reading more effectively and for understanding texts more easily, such as skimming, scanning and speed-reading techniques, helping students to get a better result in the Reading paper. Each of the ten units provides a variety of long and short texts that cover major topic areas likely to appear in the exam. Each unit is divided into different sections to help students: get to know the many question types and how to approach them; develop skills to cope with the amount of reading in the test; learn strategies which help in making the most of the time in the exam; and develop vocabulary and collocations, with particular attention paid to synonyms and paraphrases, essential for a good exam result. Издательство: "Дельта Паблишинг" (2012) Формат: 215x295, 144 стр.
ISBN: 978-1-905085-63-7 Купить за 1710 руб на Озоне |
Jeremy Taylor
Jeremy Taylor (
Taylor was educated at The
Eventually, he was allowed to live quietly in Wales, where he became the private chaplain of the Earl of Carbery. At the Restoration, his political star was on the rise, and he was made
Career under Laud
Archbishop
In the next year he married Phoebe Langsdale, by whom he had six children, the eldest of whom died at Uppingham in 1642. In the autumn of the same year he was appointed to preach in St Marys on the anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot, and apparently used the occasion to clear himself of a suspicion, which, however, haunted him through life, of a secret leaning to the Roman Catholic position. This suspicion seems to have arisen chiefly from his intimacy with Christopher Davenport, better known as
A Royalist prisoner
During the next fifteen years Taylor's movements are not easily traced. He seems to have been in London during the last weeks of Charles I in 1649, from whom he is said to have received his watch and some jewels which had ornamented the ebony case in which he kept his Bible. He had been taken prisoner with other Royalists while besieging Cardigan castle on the 4th of February 1645. In 1646 he is found in partnership with two other deprived clergymen, keeping a school at Newton Hall, in the parish of Llanfihangel-Aberbythych, Carmarthenshire. Here he became private chaplain to and benefited from the hospitality of
From time to time Jeremy Taylor appears in London in the company of his friend Evelyn, in whose diary and correspondence his name repeatedly occurs. He was imprisoned three times: in 1645 for an injudicious preface to his Golden Grove; again in Chepstow castle, from May to October 1655, on what charge does not appear; and a third time in the Tower in 1657, because of the indiscretion of his publisher, Richard Royston, who had decorated his Collection of Offices with a print representing Christ in the attitude of prayer.
Writings
*"A Discourse of the Liberty of Prophesying" (1646) , a famous plea for toleration published decades before
*"Apology for authorized and set forms of Liturgy against the Pretence of the Spirit" (1649)
*"Great Exemplar . . . a History of . . . Jesus Christ" (1649), inspired, its author tells us, by his earlier intercourse with the earl of Northampton
*"Twenty-seven Sermons" (1651), for the summer half-year
*"Twenty-five Sermons" (1653), for the winter half-year
*"The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living" (1650)
*"The Rule and Exercises of Holy Dying" (1651)
*A controversial treatise on "The Real Presence . . ." (1654)
*"Golden Grove; or a Manuall of daily prayers and letanies . . ." (1655)
*"Unum Necessarium" (1655), on the doctrine of repentance, perceived
*"Discourse of the Nature, Offices and Measures of Friendship" (1657)
*"Ductor Dubitantium, or the Rule of Conscience . . ." (1660)
"The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living" provided a manual of Christian practice, which has retained its place with devout readers. The scope of the work is described on the title-page. it deals with the means and instruments of obtaining every virtue, and the remedies against every vice, and considerations serving to the resisting all temptations, together with prayers containing the whole Duty of a Christian. "Holy Dying" was perhaps even more popular. A very charming piece of work of a lighter kind was inspired by a question from his friend, Mrs Katherine Phillips (the matchless Orinda), asking "How far is a dear and perfect friendship authorized by the principles of Christianity?" In answer to this he dedicated to the most ingenious and excellent Mrs Katherine Phillips his "Discourse of the Nature, Offices and Measures of Friendship" (1657). His "Ductor Dubitantium, or the Rule of Conscience . . ." (1660) was intended to be the standard manual of casuistry and ethics for the Christian people.
Made a bishop in Ireland (Ulster) at the Restoration
He probably left
At the Restoration, instead of being recalled to England, as he probably expected and certainly desired, he was appointed to the see of Down and Connor, to which was shortly added the small adjacent
Of the university he writes:
:I found all things in a perfect disorder . . . . a heap of men and boys, but no body of a college, no one member, either fellow or scholar, having any legal title to his place, but thrust in by tyranny or chance.
Accordingly he set himself vigorously to the task of framing and enforcing regulations for the admission and conduct of members of the university, and also of establishing lectureships. His episcopal labours were still more arduous. There were, at the date of the Restoration, about seventy Presbyterian ministers in the north of Ireland, and most of these were from the west of Scotland, with a dislike for
This was Taylor's golden opportunity to show the wise toleration he had earlier advocated, but the new bishop had nothing to offer the Presbyterian clergy but the alternative of submission to episcopal ordination and jurisdiction or deprivation. Consequently, at his first visitation, he declared thirty-six churches to be vacant; and repossession was secured on his orders. At the same time many of the gentry were apparently won over by his undoubted sincerity and devotedness as well as by his eloquence. With the Roman Catholic element of the population he was less successful. Not knowing the English language, and firmly attached to their traditional forms of worship, they were nonetheless compelled to attend a service they considered profane, conducted in a language they could not understand.
As Heber says
:No part of the administration of Ireland by the English crown has been more extraordinary and more unfortunate than the system pursued for the introduction of the Reformed religion. At the instance of the Irish bishops Taylor undertook his last great work, the "Dissuasive from Popery" (in two parts, 1664 and 1667), but, as he himself seemed partly conscious, he might have more effectually gained his end by adopting the methods of Ussher and
The troubles of his episcopate no doubt shortened his life. Nor were domestic sorrows wanting in these later years. In 1661 he buried, at Lisburn, Edward, the only surviving son of his second marriage. His eldest son, an officer in the army, was killed in a duel; and his second son, Charles, who was destined for the ministry, left Trinity College and became companion and secretary to the
His thoughts
Taylor's fame has been maintained by the popularity of his
His great plea for toleration is based on the impossibility of erecting theology into a demonstrable science. It is impossible all should be of one mind. And what is impossible to be done is not necessary it should be done. Differences of opinion there must be; but
Of a genuine poetic temperament, fervid and mobile in feeling, and of a prolific fancy, he had also the sense and wit that come of varied contact with men. All his gifts were made available for influencing other men by his easy command of a style rarely matched in dignity and color. With all the majesty and stately elaboration and musical rhythm of Milton's finest prose, Taylor's style is relieved and brightened by an astonishing variety of felicitous illustrations, ranging from the most homely and terse to the most dignified and elaborate. His sermons especially abound in quotations and allusions, which have the air of spontaneously suggesting themselves, but which must sometimes have baffled his hearers. This seeming pedantry is, however, atoned for by the clear practical aim of his sermons, the noble ideal he keeps before his hearers, and the skill with which he handles spiritual experience and urges incentives to virtue.
His literary style and influence
Jeremy Taylor is best known as a prose stylist; his chief fame is the result of his twin devotional manual, "
:As our life is very short, so it is very miserable; and therefore it is well that it is short. God, in pity to mankind, lest his burden should be insupportable and his nature an intolerable load, hath reduced our state of misery to an abbreviature; and the greater our misery is, the less while it is like to last; the sorrows of a man's spirit being like ponderous weights, which by the greatness of their burden make a swifter motion, and descend into the grave to rest and ease our wearied limbs; for then only we shall sleep quietly, when those fetters are knocked off, which not only bound our souls in prison, but also ate the flesh till the very bones opened the secret garments of their cartilages, discovering their nakedness and sorrow.
-- From "Rules and Exercises of Holy Dying"
External links
* [http://www.ely.anglican.org/about/good_and_great/jtaylor.html Brief Biography of Jeremy Taylor]
* [http://anglicanhistory.org/taylor/ Works of Jeremy Taylor online]
*worldcat id|lccn-n79-68411
References
*1911
Источник: Jeremy Taylor
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