Электронная книга: Michael Morpurgo «Toro! Toro!»

Michael Morpurgo, OBE^[1] FKC AKC (born 5 October 1943) is an English author, poet, playwright and librettist, best known for his work in children's literature. He was the third Children's Laureate.

Early life

Michael Andrew Bridge was born in St Albans, Hertfordshire, in 1943, the son of Tony Bridge, an actor known professionally as Tony Van Bridge.^[2] His stepfather, Jack Morpurgo, was a writer and professor of literature at Leeds University. His great-grandmother was the soprano Marie Brema. His grandparents were Émile Cammaerts, a Belgian poet who also taught French at the girls' school, Queen's College, London from 1915 to 1931, and Tita Brand, an actress.^[2] His uncle, Francis Cammaerts, was a Special Operations Executive (SOE) agent with the French Resistance.^[3]

During the last years of World War II he was evacuated to Cumberland; he later moved back to London, and then on to Essex.^[4]

Education

Morpurgo was educated at schools in London, Sussex and Canterbury (his unhappy experiences at boarding school would inform his novel The Butterfly Lion, one of his more famous works). Whilst at The King's School, an independent school in Canterbury, he was once described as being "rather stupid but great at rugby". He later trained for the British Army at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He managed to fight but went home after getting injured in action. He then took up a teaching career.^{[citation needed]} He graduated with a 3rd class degree^[5] in English and French from King's College London.

Life and career

From teaching to writing

Morpurgo's first job was as a primary school teacher, in Kent. While he was teaching, in his late twenties, he discovered his talent for storytelling, stating "I could see there was magic in it for them, and realized there was magic in it for me." ^[6]

His writing career was inspired by Ted Hughes's Poetry in the Making, Paul Gallico's The Snow Goose and Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea.^[7] Poets Seán Rafferty and Ted Hughes were influential in his career, with Hughes becoming a friend, mentor and neighbour.

In 2009, he donated the short story Look At Me, I Need a Smile to Oxfam's "Ox-Tales" project, four collections of UK stories written by 38 authors. Morpurgo's story was published in the "Water" collection.^[8]

Morpurgo's work is noted for its "magical storytelling",^[7] for recurring themes such as the triumph of an outsider or survival, for characters' relationships with nature, and for vivid settings such as the Cornish coast or World War I.

Farms for City Children

In 1976, Michael and his wife, Clare, eldest daughter of Sir Allen Lane, the founder of Penguin Books,^[9] established the charity Farms for City Children,^[10] with the primary aim of providing children from inner city areas with experience of the countryside.^[11] The programme involves the children spending a week at a countryside farm, during which they take part in purposeful farmyard work.^[12]

About 85,000 children have taken part in the scheme since it was set up, and the charity now has three farms in Devon, Gloucestershire and Wales. In 1999 the couple were created Members of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in recognition of these services to youth. He was later elevated to Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) on 17 June 2006 for his services to literature.

Michael is patron to the following charities: The Prince of Wales Art and Kids Foundation; What about the Children?; Montessori Education UK; Bag Books; The Unicorn Theatre; The Lincoln Book Festival; The Oundle Festival; The Works Theatre Company; The Down Syndrome Educational Trust; The Browning Society; English PEN, Readers and Writers; The Ambassador Hans Christian Andersen 2005 Foundation; KIDZONE FINLAND; and the Two Parishes Festival.

Children's Laureate

Morpurgo was involved in the development of the Children's Laureate award: "The idea for the Children's Laureate originated from a conversation between (the then) Poet Laureate Ted Hughes and children's writer Michael Morpurgo."^[13] He was the third person to become Children's Laureate and held the title from 2003 to 2005.^[14]

Illustrators

Morpurgo has worked with a number of illustrators, including Quentin Blake, Christian Birmingham, Emma Chichester Clark, Michael Foreman, Shoo Rayner, Tony Ross and Sarah Young

Adaptations

Gentle Giant was presented as an opera by composer Stephen McNeff and librettist Mike Kenny at the Royal Opera House in 2006. Film versions have been made of Friend or Foe (1981) and When the Whales Came (1989), the latter also being adapted to a stage play. My Friend Walter (1988) 'Purple Penguins' (2000) and Out of the Ashes (2001) have both been adapted for television. War Horse has been adapted as a radio broadcast and as a successful stage play in the West End. Composer Stephen Barlow created a musical adaptation of Rainbow Bear, narrated by his wife Joanna Lumley. This was subsequently presented as a ballet by the National Youth Ballet of Great Britain in August 2010.

Literary awards and prizes

Shortlisted

• 1991 Carnegie Medal: Waiting for Anya
• 1995 Carnegie Medal: Arthur, High King of Britain
• 1996 Carnegie Medal: The Wreck of the Zanzibar
• 2002 W. H. Smith Award for Children's Literature: Out of the Ashes
• 2003 Blue Peter Book Award: The Book I Couldn't Put Down: Cool!
• 2003 Carnegie Medal: Private Peaceful
• 2004 Whitbread Children's Book Award: Private Peaceful
• 2010 Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis (German youth literature prize): Warten auf Anya (Waiting for Anya)

Awarded

• 1993 Prix Sorcières (France): King of the Cloud Forests
• 1995 Whitbread Children's Book Award: The Wreck of the Zanzibar
• 1996 Nestlé Smarties Book Prize (Gold Award): The Butterfly Lion
• 1999 Prix Sorcières (France): Wombat Goes Walkabout
• 2000 Red House Children's Book Award: Kensuke's Kingdom
• 2001 Prix Sorcières (France): Kensuke's Kingdom
• 2002 Nestlé Smarties Book Prize (Bronze Award): The Last Wolf
• 2004 Red House Children's Book Award: Private Peaceful
• 2005 Blue Peter Book of the Year Award: Private Peaceful
• 2005 Hampshire Book Award: Private Peaceful
• 2008 California Young Reader Medal: Private Peaceful^[15]

Selected works

In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Michael Morpurgo, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 300+ works in 1,000+ publications in 25 languages and 55,000+ library holdings.^[16] He is known primarily for the more than 120 books he has written.^[14]

This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

• It Never Rained: Five Stories (1974)
• Living Poets (compiler with Clifford Simmons) (1974)
• Long Way Home (1975)
• Thatcher Jones (1975)
• The Story-Teller (compiler with Graham Barrett) (1976)
• Friend or Foe (1977)
• Do All You Dare (1978)
• What Shall We Do with It? (1978)
• All Around the Year (with Ted Hughes) (1979)
• Love at First Sight (1979)
• That's How (1979)
• The Day I Took the Bull By the Horn (1979)
• The Ghost-Fish (1979)
• The Marble Crusher and Other Stories (1980)
• The Nine Lives of Montezuma (1980)
• Miss Wirtle's Revenge (1981)
• The White Horse of Zennor: And Other Stories from below the Eagle's Nest (1982)
• War Horse (1982)
• Twist of Gold (1983)
• Little Foxes (1984)
• Why the Whales Came (1985)
• Words of Songs (libretto, music by Phyllis Tate) (1985)
• Tom's Sausage Lion (1986)
• Conker (1987)
• Jo-Jo, the Melon Monkey (1987)
• King of the Cloud Forests (1988)
• Mossop's Last Chance (with Shoo Rayner) (1988)
• My Friend Walter (1988)
• Albertine, Goose Queen (with Shoo Rayner) (1989)
• Mr. Nobody's Eyes (1989)
• Jigger's Day Off (with Shoo Rayner) (1990)
• Waiting for Anya (1990)
• And Pigs Might Fly! (with Shoo Rayner) (1991)
• Colly's Barn (1991)
• The Sandman and the Turtles (1991)
• Martians at Mudpuddle Farm (with Shoo Rayner) (1992)
• The King in the Forest (1993)
• The War of Jenkins' Ear (1993)
• Arthur, High King of Britain (1994)
• Snakes and Ladders (1994)
• The Dancing Bear (1994)
• Blodin the Beast (1995)
• Mum's the Word (with Shoo Rayner) (1995)
• Stories from Mudpuddle Farm (with Shoo Rayner) (1995)
• The Wreck of the Zanzibar (1995)
• Robin of Sherwood (1996)
• Sam's Duck (1996)
• The Butterfly Lion (1996)
• The Ghost of Grania O'Malley (1996)
• Farm Boy (1997)
• Cockadoodle-doo, Mr Sultana! (1998)
• Escape from Shangri-La (1998)
• Joan of Arc (1998)
• Red Eyes at Night (1998)
• Wartman (1998)
• Kensuke's Kingdom (1999)
• The Rainbow Bear (1999)
• Wombat Goes Walkabout (1999)
• Billy the Kid (2000)
• Black Queen (2000)
• Dear Olly (2000)
• From Hereabout Hill (2000)
• The Silver Swan (2000)
• Who's a Big Bully Then? (2000)
• More Muck and Magic (2001)
• Out of the Ashes (2001)
• Toro! Toro! (2001)
• Cool! (2002)
• Mr. Skip (2002)
• The Last Wolf (2002)
• The Sleeping Sword (2002)
• Gentle Giant (2003)
• Private Peaceful (2003)
• Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (2004)
• I Believe in Unicorns (2005)
• The Amazing Story of Adolphus Tips (2005)
• War: Stories of Conflict (compiler) (2005)^[17]
• Albatross (2006)
• It's a Dog's Life (2006)
• Alone on a Wide, Wide Sea (2006)
• Beowulf (2006), illustrated by Michael Foreman
• Born to Run (2007)
• The Mozart Question (2007)
• Hansel and Gretel (2008)
• This Morning I Met a Whale (2008)
• Kaspar: Prince of Cats (2008)
• The Voices of Children (2008) (play)
• The Birthday Book (editor, with Quentin Blake) (2008)
• Running Wild (2009)^[18]
• The Kites Are Flying! (2009)^[19]
• An Elephant in the Garden (2010)
• Not Bad for a Bad Lad (2010)^[20]
• Shadow (2010)^[21]
• Little Manfred (2011)^[22]

Radio and television broadcasts

• The Invention of Childhood (2006) (with Hugh Cunningham), BBC Radio 4^[23]
• Set Our Children Free: the 2011 Richard Dimbleby Lecture. BBC One, 15 February 2011.^[24]

Biographies

• Carey, Joanna (1999). Interview with Michael Morpurgo. ISBN 978-0-7497-3866-2
• Fox, Geoff (2004). Dear Mr Morpingo: Inside the World of Michael Morpurgo. ISBN 978-1-84046-607-2
• McCarthy, Shaun (2005). Michael Morpurgo. ISBN 978-0-431-17995-7

Further reading

• Morpurgo, Michael et al. La Revue Des Livres Pour Enfants Number 250, December 2009: "Michael Morpurgo" pp 79–124. (French)
• Franks, Alan (2007-09-22). "Courses for horses". The Times. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/stage/theatre/article2483974.ece. Retrieved 2007-09-23. 
• Paul Arendt (2007-11-20). "Children's author Michael Morpurgo on 'Beowulf'". The Guardian. http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/childrenandteens/story/0,,2213973,00.html. Retrieved 2007-11-27. 

References

External links

• Official website (new version)
• Official website (old version)
• Website at Egmont
• Website at HarperCollins
• Profile at Contemporary Writers
• The Observer: "Once upon a life: Michael Morpurgo"