Электронная книга: Lombroso Cesare «La delinquenza nella Rivoluzione francese»

La delinquenza nella Rivoluzione francese

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Lombroso, Cesare

▪ Italian criminologist
born Nov. 6, 1835, Verona, Austrian Empire [now in Italy]
died Oct. 19, 1909, Turin, Italy

      Italian criminologist whose views, though now largely discredited, brought about a shift in criminology from a legalistic preoccupation with crime to a scientific study of criminals.

      Lombroso studied at the universities of Padua, Vienna, and Paris, and from 1862 to 1876 he was professor of psychiatry at the University of Pavia. In 1871 he became director of the mental asylum at Pesaro, and in 1876 he became professor of forensic medicine and hygiene at the University of Turin, where he subsequently held appointments as professor of psychiatry (1896) and then of criminal anthropology (1906).

      Lombroso tried to discern a possible relationship between criminal psychopathology and physical or constitutional defects. His chief contention was the existence of a hereditary, or atavistic, class of criminals who are in effect biological throwbacks to a more primitive stage of human evolution. Lombroso contended that such criminals exhibit a higher percentage of physical and mental anomalies than do noncriminals. Among these anomalies, which he termed stigmata, were various unusual skull sizes and asymmetries of the facial bones. Lombroso's theories were widely influential in Europe for a time, but his emphasis on hereditary causes of crime was later strongly rejected in favour of environmental factors. Lombroso tried to reform the Italian penal system, and he encouraged more humane and constructive treatment of convicts through the use of work programs intended to make them more productive members of society. Among his books are L'uomo delinquente (1876; “The Criminal Man”) and Le Crime, causes et remèdes (1899; Crime, Its Causes and Remedies).

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Источник: Lombroso, Cesare

См. также в других словарях:

  • LOMBROSO, CESARE — (1835–1909), Italian physician and criminologist. Born in Verona, Lombroso studied at Pavia, Padua, and Vienna. Lombroso took degrees in medicine and surgery in 1858. After his military service as a surgeon in the Italian army, he worked as a… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Lombroso, Cesare — (1835–1909)    Born in Verona, Lombroso was a pioneer in the field of criminology. His early career was as an army surgeon, but he subsequently became professor of mental illness at the University of Pavia and, influenced by Darwinian ideas of… …   Historical Dictionary of modern Italy

  • Lombroso, Cesare — ▪ Italian criminologist born Nov. 6, 1835, Verona, Austrian Empire [now in Italy] died Oct. 19, 1909, Turin, Italy       Italian criminologist whose views, though now largely discredited, brought about a shift in criminology from a legalistic… …   Universalium

  • Lombroso, Cesare — (1835–1909)    Italian pioneer of criminology. Lombroso, a medical man and a professor at Turin, laid the foundations of modern criminology. At first his work classified only the inherited physical and mental traits in the ‘born criminal’, but he …   Who’s Who in Jewish History after the period of the Old Testament

  • Lombroso, Cesare — ► (1836 1909) Antropólogo italiano. Fue elegido miembro ordinario del Consejo Sanitario de la provincia de Turín y presidente honorario de la Sociedad de ética de Londres. Autor de El hombre delincuente (1876), donde expone su famosa teoría del… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Lombroso, Cesare — (1836 1909) An Italian army physician who developed the theory of the criminal type. Although he modified his views over his life, he is primarily known for studying the physiognomies of criminals, and suggesting that much crime was biological… …   Dictionary of sociology

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