Книга: Jianmario Jarso «Structural adjustment of WB and IMF in Sub-Saharan Africa»
|
Производитель: "LAP Lambert Academic Publishing" Structural adjustment program is conditionality set by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund for developing countries as conditions to qualify for receipts of loans. In principle, the structures and policies of the WB and IMF are suppose to reflect the will of the membership, the realty however, is quite different with many of the changes mirroring the shiffitng periorities of USA foreign policy towards Africa. The 1980s and early 1990s were an exceptionally difficult period for lowincome developing countries, particularly in Africa. Many economies had been brought to the point of collapse by years of economic mismanagement and adverse external shocks, culminating in the debt crises of the 1980s. As governments began the essential task of restructuring and rebuilding their economies, per capita incomes stagnated or declined. SAP has been criticized on different areas where it was implemented due to its inappropriateness and praised on basis of its benefits to... ISBN:9783844300215 Издательство: "LAP Lambert Academic Publishing" (2011)
ISBN: 9783844300215 |
См. также в других словарях:
Africa — For other uses, see Africa (disambiguation). Africa Africa Area … Wikipedia
Economy of Africa — The economy of Africa consists of the trade, industry, and resources of the peoples of Africa. As of July 2005, approximately 887 million people were living in 54 different states. Africa is the world s poorest inhabited continent. Though parts… … Wikipedia
western Africa, history of — Introduction history of the region from the 11th century to the present. A reasonable body of sources for the writing of western African history begins to be available about AD 1000. Three centuries earlier, the Arabs (Arab) had… … Universalium
São Tomé and Príncipe — Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe … Wikipedia
Resource extraction in the Democratic Republic of Congo — The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo, or DRC) is a nation full of complexity and seeming contradictions. The DRC, previously known as Zaire, is rich in natural resources ($24 trillion of minerals, by one estimate), species diversity,… … Wikipedia
Social Protection — ▪ 2006 Introduction With medical costs skyrocketing and government programs scaled back, citizens bore more responsibility for their health care costs; irregular migration, human trafficking, and migrant smuggling posed challenges for… … Universalium
