Книга: Kenneth Grahame «Penguin Readers 2: The Wind in the Willows»

Kenneth Grahame

Infobox Writer
name = Kenneth Grahame


caption =
birthdate = birth date|1859|03|08
birthplace = Edinburgh, Scotland
deathdate = death date and age|1932|07|06|1859|03|08
deathplace = Pangbourne, Berkshire, England
occupation = Novelist
genre = Fiction
movement =
notableworks = The Wind in the Willows
influences =
influenced =
website =

Kenneth Grahame (March 8, 1859 – July 6, 1932) was a British writer, most famous for "The Wind in the Willows" (1908), one of the classics of children's literature. He also wrote "The Reluctant Dragon", which was much later adapted into a Disney movie.

Life

Grahame was born in Edinburgh, Scotland but in early childhood, after his mother died and his father began to drink heavily, he moved to live with his grandmother on the banks of the River Thames in Cookham in southern England. He was an outstanding pupil at St Edward's School in Oxford and wanted to attend Oxford University but was not allowed to do so by his guardian on grounds of cost. Instead he was sent to work at the Bank of England in 1879, and rose through the ranks until retiring as its Secretary in 1908 [ [Bank of England Museum - From Quill Pen to ComputerThe Bank of England's Staff from 1694 - http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/education/museum/exhibitions/past11.htm] ] due to ill health. In addition to ill health, Grahame's retirement was precipitated in 1903 by a strange, possibly political, shooting incident at the bank [ Kenneth Grahame: Lost in the wild wood. The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2008/02/10/sv_windinthewillows.xml&page=1] . Grahame was shot at three times, all of them missed [Kenneth Grahame: Lost in the wild wood. The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2008/02/10/sv_windinthewillows.xml&page=1] .

Grahame married Elspeth Thomson in 1899, but the marriage was not a happy one. They had only one child, a boy named Alastair, who was born blind in one eye and was plagued by health problems throughout his short life. Alastair eventually committed suicide on a railway track while an undergraduate at Oxford University, two days before his 20th birthday on 7 May, 1920 [The Kenneth Grahame Society - Biography http://www.kennethgrahamesociety.net/biography.htm] . Out of respect for Kenneth Grahame, Alastair's demise was recorded as an accidental death.

Kenneth Grahame died in Pangbourne, Berkshire in 1932. He is buried in Holywell Cemetery, Oxford, near the grave of the American expatriate author James Blish. Grahame's cousin Anthony Hope, also a successful author, wrote his epitaph, which reads:"To the beautiful memory of Kenneth Grahame, husband of Elspeth and father of Alastair, who passed the River on the 6 July 1932, leaving childhood and literature through him the more blest for all time". [cite book | last = Carpenter | first = Humphrey | authorlink = Humphrey Carpenter | coauthors = Mari Prichard | title = The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature | publisher = Oxford University Press | date = 1991 | location = Oxford | pages = 216-219 | url = | doi = | id = ISBN 0-19-211582-0]

Works

While still a young man, Grahame began to publish light stories in London periodicals such as the "St. James Gazette". Some of these stories were collected and published as "Pagan Papers" in 1893, and, two years later, "The Golden Age". These were followed by "Dream Days" in 1898, which contains "The Reluctant Dragon".

There is a ten-year gap between Grahame's penultimate book and the publication of his triumph, "The Wind in the Willows". During this decade Grahame became a father. The wayward headstrong nature he saw in his little son he transformed into the swaggering Mr. Toad, one of its four principal characters. Despite its success, he never attempted a sequel. Others, years after his death, have done that for him. The book was a hit and is still enjoyed by adults and children today, whether in book form or in the films.

Bibliography

* "Pagan Papers" (1893)
* "The Golden Age" (1895)
* "Dream Days" (1898)
**Including "The Reluctant Dragon" (1898)
* "The Headswoman" (1898)
* "The Wind in the Willows" (1908)

Further reading

Peter Green, the historian of Hellenistic Greece, wrote a biography of Grahame in 1959 and subsequently wrote the introduction to the Oxford World's Classics edition of "The Wind in the Willows".

References

External links

* (Including all of the above four books)
* An online literary society focusing on the life and works of Kenneth Grahame is at [http://www.kennethgrahamesociety.net www.kennethgrahamesociety.net]
* Spoken voice version of Wind in the Willows is at [http://librivox.org/the-wind-in-the-willows-by-kenneth-grahame-solo/] Early20CBritChildrensLiterature

Persondata
NAME= Grahame, Kenneth
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION= British novelist
DATE OF BIRTH= March 8, 1859
PLACE OF BIRTH= Edinburgh, Scotland
DATE OF DEATH= July 6, 1932
PLACE OF DEATH= Pangbourne, Berkshire, England

Источник: Kenneth Grahame