Книга: Gottlob Frege «Schriften zur Logik: Aus dem Nachlass»
Серия: "Philosophische studientexte" Gottlob Frege, Mathematiker und Philosoph, ist der Begrunder der modernen formalen Logik. Autoren wie Bertrand Russell, Rudolf Carnap und Ludwig Wittgenstein sind von ihm ausgegangen. Die hier vorgelegten Schriften aus dem Nachlass wurden unter dem Gesichtspunkt ausgewahlt, dass das Interesse an Frege vor allem seinen Arbeiten zur logisch-semantischen Sprachanalyse gilt. Da diese Arbeiten in engem Verbund mit Themen der Erkenntnis- und Wissenschaftstheorie entstanden sind, rucken auch diese Bereiche der analytischen Philosophie in den Blick. Издательство: "Akademie - Verlag" (1973) Формат: 1250x1060, 364 стр.
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Gottlob Frege
Infobox_Philosopher
region = Western Philosophy
era =
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image_caption = Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege
name = Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege
birth =
death =
school_tradition =
main_interests =
influenced =
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Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (
Life
Childhood (1848–1869)
Frege was born in 1848 in
In childhood, Frege encountered philosophies that would guide his future scientific career. For example, his father wrote a
Frege studied at a "gymnasium" in Wismar, and graduated at the age of 15. His teacher
tudies at University: Jena and Göttingen (1869 – 1874)
Frege matriculated at the University of Jena in the spring of 1869 as a citizen of the
His other notable university teachers were
Starting in 1871, Frege continued his studies in
In 1873, Frege attained his
Work as a logician
's theory of truth, is ultimately due to Frege.
One of Frege's stated purposes was to isolate genuinely logical principles of inference, so that in the proper representation of mathematical proof, one would at no point appeal to "intuition". If there was an intuitive element it was to be isolated and represented separately as an axiom: from there on the proof was to be purely logical and without gaps. Having exhibited this possibility, Frege's more ultimate purpose was to defend the view that
This idea was formulated in non-symbolic terms in his "Foundations of Arithmetic" of 1884. Later, in the "Basic Laws of Arithmetic" ("Grundgesetze der Arithmetik" (1893, 1903)), published at its author's expense, he attempted to derive all of the laws of arithmetic by use of his symbolism from axioms he asserted as logical. Most of these axioms were carried over from his "
In a famous episode, Bertrand Russell wrote to Frege, just as Vol. 2 of the "Grundgesetze" was about to go to press in 1903, showing that
Frege's proposed remedy was subsequently shown to imply that there is but one object in the
* Basic Law V can be weakened in other ways. The best-known way is due to
* Basic Law V can simply be replaced with
* Frege's logic, now known as
Frege's work in logic was little recognized in his day, in considerable part because his peculiar diagrammatic notation had no antecedents; it has since had no imitators. Moreover, until "
Philosopher
Frege is one of the founders of
*Function-argument analysis of the
*Distinction between
*Principle of
*
*Distinction between the
As a philosopher of mathematics, Frege attacked the psychologistic appeal to mental explanations of the content of judgment of the meaning of sentences. His original purpose was very far from answering general questions about meaning; instead, he devised his logic to explore the foundations of arithmetic, undertaking to answer questions such as "What is a number?" or "What objects do number-words ("one", "two", etc.) refer to?" But in pursuing these matters, he eventually found himself analysing and explaining what meaning is, and thus came to several conclusions that proved highly consequential for the subsequent course of
It should be kept in mind that Frege was employed as a mathematician, not a philosopher, and published his philosophical papers in scholarly journals that often were hard to access outside of the German speaking world. He never published a philosophical monograph other than "The Foundations of Arithmetic", much of which was mathematical in content, and the first collections of his writings appeared only after World War II. A volume of English translations of Frege's philosophical essays first appeared in 1952, edited by students of Wittgenstein,
"Sinn" and "Bedeutung"
The distinction between "Sinn" and "Bedeutung" (usually translated "Sense and Reference", but also as "Sense and Meaning" or "Sense and Denotation") was an innovation of Frege in his 1892 paper "Über Sinn und Bedeutung" ("On Sense and Reference"). According to Frege, sense and reference are two different aspects of the significance of an expression. Frege applied "Bedeutung" in the first instance to proper names, where it means the bearer of the name, the object in question, but then also to other expressions, including complete sentences, which "bedeuten" the two "truth values", the true and the false; by contrast, the sense or "Sinn" associated with a complete sentence is the thought it expresses. The sense of an expression is said to be the "mode of presentation" of the item referred to. The distinction can be illustrated thus: In their ordinary uses, the name "Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor," which for logical purposes is an unanalyzable whole, and the functional expression "the Prince of Wales," which contains the significant parts "the prince of ξ" and "Wales", have the same reference, namely the person best known as Prince Charles. But the sense of the word "Wales" is a part of the sense of the latter expression, but no part of the sense of the "full name" of Prince Charles. These distinctions were disputed by Bertrand Russell, especially in his paper "
Imagine the road signs outside a city. They all point to (bedeuten) the same object (the city), although the "mode of presentation" or sense (Sinn) of each sign (its direction or distance) is different. Similarly "the Prince of Wales" and "Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor" both denote (bedeuten) the same object, though each uses a different "mode of presentation" (sense or Sinn).
Important dates
* Born
* 1869 — attends the
* 1871 — attends the
* 1873 —
* 1874 —
* 1879 — Professor Extraordinarius at Jena.
* 1896 — Ordenlicher Honorarprofessor at Jena.
* 1917 or 1918 — retires.
* Died
Important works
Logic; foundation of arithmetic
*English: "Concept Notation, the Formal Language of the Pure Thought like that of Arithmetics". [http://www.ac-nancy-metz.fr/enseign/philo/textesph/Frege.pdf Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik:] "eine logisch-mathematische Untersuchung über den Begriff der Zahl" (1884). Breslau.
*English: "
*English: "Basic Laws of Arithmetic: Vol. 1" (1893); "Vol. 2" (1903).
Philosophical studies
Function and Concept (1891)
* Original: "Funktion und Begriff : Vortrag, gehalten in der Sitzung"; vom 9. Januar 1891 der Jenaischen Gesellschaft für Medizin und Naturwissenschaft, Jena, 1891;
* In English: "
* Original: "Über Sinn und Bedeutung"; in "Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik C" (1892): 25-50;
* In English: "
* Original: " [http://www.ac-nancy-metz.fr/enseign/philo/textesph/frege_begriff_und_gegenstand.pdf Über Begriff und Gegenstand] ", in "Vierteljahresschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie XVI" (1892): 192-205;
* In English: "
* Original (in German): "Was ist eine Funktion?", in "Festschrift Ludwig Boltzmann gewidmet zum sechzigsten Geburtstage", 20. Februar 1904, S. Meyer (ed.), Leipzig, 1904, pp. 656-666;
* In English: "What is a Function?"
Logical Investigations (1918–1923)Frege intended that the following three papers be published together in a book titled "Logische Untersuchungen (Logical Investigations)". Though the German book never appeared, English translations did appear together in "Logical Investigations", ed. Peter Geach, Blackwells, 1975.
*1918-19. "Der Gedanke: Eine logische Untersuchung (Thought: A Logical Investigation)" in "Beiträge zur Philosophie des Deutschen Idealismus I": 58-77.
*1918-19. "Die Verneinung" (Negation)" in "Beiträge zur Philosophie des deutschen Idealismus I": 143-157.
*1923. "Gedankengefüge (Compound Thought)" in "Beiträge zur Philosophie des Deutschen Idealismus III": 36-51.
Articles on geometry
* 1903: "Über die Grundlagen der Geometrie". II. "Jaresbericht der deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung XII" (1903), 368-375;
** In English: "On the Foundations of Geometry".
* 1967: "Kleine Schriften". (I. Angelelli, ed.) Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Darmstadt, 1967 és G. Olms, Hildescheim, 1967. "Small Writings", a collection of most of his writings (e.g. the previous), posthumously published.
References
Primary
* [http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~brianwc/frege/fenglish.html Online bibliography of Frege's works and their English translations.]
*1879. "
*1884. "Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik: eine logisch-mathematische Untersuchung über den Begriff der Zahl". Breslau: W. Koebner. Translation:
*1891. "Funktion und Begriff." Translation: "Function and Concept" in Geach and Black (1980).
*1892a. "Über Sinn und Bedeutung" in "Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik 100": 25-50. Translation: "On Sense and Reference" in Geach and Black (1980).
*1892b. "Über Begriff und Gegenstand" in "Vierteljahresschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie 16": 192-205. Translation: "Concept and Object" in Geach and Black (1980).
*1893. "Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, Band I". Jena: Verlag Hermann Pohle. "Band II", 1903. Partial translation: Furth, M, 1964. "The Basic Laws of Arithmetic". Uni. of California Press.
*1904. "Was ist eine Funktion?" in Meyer, S., ed., 1904. "Festschrift Ludwig Boltzmann gewidmet zum sechzigsten Geburtstage, 20. Februar 1904". Leipzig: Barth: 656-666. Translation: "What is a Function?" in Geach and Black (1980).
*
econdary
"Philosophy":
* Baker, Gordon, and P.M.S. Hacker, 1984. "Frege: Logical Excavations". Oxford University Press. — Vigorous, if controversial, criticism of both Frege's philosophy and influential contemporary interpretations such as Dummett's."
* Diamond, Cora, 1991. "The Realistic Spirit". MIT Press. — Primarily about
* Dummett, Michael, 1973. "Frege: Philosophy of Language". Harvard University Press.
* ------, 1981. "The Interpretation of Frege's Philosophy". Harvard University Press.
* Hill, Claire Ortiz, 1991. "Word and Object in Husserl, Frege and Russell: The Roots of Twentieth-Century Philosophy". Athens OH: Ohio University Press.
*------, and Rosado Haddock, G. E., 2000. "Husserl or Frege: Meaning, Objectivity, and Mathematics". Open Court. — On the Frege-Husserl-Cantor triangle.
* Kenny, Anthony, 1995. "Frege — An introduction to the founder of modern analytic philosophy". Penguin Books. — Excellent non-technical introduction and overview of Frege's philosophy.
* Klemke, E.D., ed., 1968. "Essays on Frege". University of Illinois Press. — 31 essays by philosophers, grouped under three headings: 1.
* Rosado Haddock, Guillermo E., 2006. "A Critical Introduction to the Philosophy of Gottlob Frege". Ashgate Publishing.
* Sisti, Nicola, 2005. "Il Programma Logicista di Frege e il Tema delle Definizioni". Franco Angeli. — On Frege's theory of definitions.
* Sluga, Hans, 1980. "Gottlob Frege". Routledge.
* Smith, Leslie, 1999. "What Piaget Learned from Frege." "Developmental Review 19"(1): 133-153. — On why Frege first appears in Piaget's writings in 1949, twenty-five years after he began publishing on logic and epistemology.
* Weiner, Joan, 1990. "Frege in Perspective". Cornell University Press.
"Logic and mathematics":
* Anderson, D. J., and
*Burgess, John, 2005. "Fixing Frege". Princeton Univ. Press. — A critical survey of the ongoing rehabilitation of Frege's logicism.
* Boolos, George, 1998. "Logic, Logic, and Logic". MIT Press. — 12 papers on
* Dummett, Michael, 1991. "Frege: Philosophy of Mathematics". Harvard University Press.
* Demopoulos, William, ed., 1995. "Frege's Philosophy of Mathematics". Harvard Univ. Press. — Papers exploring
* Ferreira, F. and Wehmeier, K., 2002, "On the consistency of the Delta-1-1-CA fragment of Frege's "Grundgesetze"," "Journal of Philosophic Logic 31": 301-11.
* Grattan-Guinness, Ivor, 2000. "The Search for Mathematical Roots 1870-1940". Princeton University Press. — Fair to the mathematician, less so to the philosopher.
* Gillies, Douglas A., 1982. "Frege, Dedekind, and Peano on the foundations of arithmetic". Assen, Netherlands: Van Gorcum.
*
* Wright, Crispin, 1983. "Frege's Conception of Numbers as Objects". Aberdeen University Press. — A systematic exposition and a scope-restricted defense of Frege's "Grundlagen" conception of numbers.
External links
* [http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~brianwc/frege/ A comprehensive guide to Fregean material available on the web] by Brian Carver.
*
**" [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/frege/ Gottlob Frege] " — by
** " [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/frege-logic/ Frege's Logic, Theorem, and Foundations for Arithmetic] " — by Edward Zalta
*
** [http://www.iep.utm.edu/f/frege.htm Gottlob Frege] — by Kevin C. Klement.
** [http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/f/freg-lan.htm Frege and Language] — by Dorothea Lotter.
*Metaphysics Research Lab: [http://mally.stanford.edu/frege.html Gottlob Frege.]
* [http://www.formalontology.it/fregeg.htm Frege on Being, Existence and Truth.]
*
* [http://ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/begriff/ Begriff,] a
Persondata
NAME = Frege, Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob
ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Frege, Gottlob
SHORT DESCRIPTION = Important German
DATE OF BIRTH =
PLACE OF BIRTH =
DATE OF DEATH =
PLACE OF DEATH =
Источник: Gottlob Frege
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Автор | Книга | Описание | Год | Цена | Тип книги |
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Gottlob Frege | Schriften zur Logik: Aus dem Nachlass | Gottlob Frege, Mathematiker und Philosoph, ist der Begrunder der modernen formalen Logik. Autoren wie Bertrand Russell, Rudolf Carnap und Ludwig Wittgenstein sind von ihm ausgegangen. Die hier… — Akademie - Verlag, (формат: 1250x1060, 364 стр.) Philosophische studientexte Подробнее... | 1973 | 220 | бумажная книга |
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