Книга: William H. Gass «On Being Blue: A Philosophical Inquiry»

William H. Gass

William Howard Gass (born July 30, 1924) is an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, critic, and former philosophy professor.

Early life

Gass was born in Fargo, North Dakota. Soon after his birth, his family moved to Warren, Ohio, where he attended local schools. He has described his childhood as an unhappy one, with an abusive, racist father and a passive, alcoholic mother; critics would later cite his characters as having these same qualities.

He attended Wesleyan University, then served as an Ensign in the Navy during World War II, a period he describes as perhaps the worst of his life. He earned his A.B. in philosophy from Kenyon College in 1947, then his Ph.D. in philosophy from Cornell University in 1954, where he studied under Max Black. His dissertation, "A Philosophical Investigation of Metaphor", was based on his training as a philosopher of language. In graduate school Gass read the work of Gertrude Stein, who influenced his writing experiments.

Gass taught at The College of Wooster, Purdue University, and Washington University in St. Louis, where he was a professor of philosophy (1969 - 1978) and the David May Distinguished University Professor in the Humanities (1979 - 1999). His colleagues there have included the writers Stanley Elkin, Howard Nemerov (1988 Poet Laureate of the United States), and Mona Van Duyn (1992 Poet Laureate). Since 2000, Gass has been the David May Distinguished University Professor Emeritus in the Humanities.

Writing and publications

Earning a living for himself and his family from university teaching, Gass began to publish stories that were selected for inclusion in "The Best American Short Stories" of 1959, 1961, 1962, 1968 and 1980, as well as "Two Hundred Years of Great American Short Stories". His first novel, "Omensetter's Luck", about life in a small town in Ohio in the 1890s, was published in 1966. Critics praised his linguistic virtuosity, establishing him as an important writer of fiction. In 1968 he published "In the Heart of the Heart of the Country", five stories dramatizing the theme of human isolation and the difficulty of love. Three years later Gass wrote "Willie Masters' Lonesome Wife", an experimental novella illustrated with photographs and typographical constructs intended to help readers free themselves from the linear conventions of narrative. He has also published several collections of essays, including "On Being Blue" (1976) and "Finding a Form" (1996). His latest work of fiction, "Cartesian Sonata and Other Novellas", was published in 1998. His work has also appeared in "The Best American Essays" collections of 1986, 1992, and 2000.

Gass has cited the anger he felt during his childhood as a major influence on his work, even stating that he writes "to get even." Despite his prolific output, he has said that writing is difficult for him. In fact, his epic novel "The Tunnel", published in 1995, took Gass 26 years to compose. An unabridged audio version of "The Tunnel" was released in 2006, with Gass reading the novel himself.

When writing, Gass typically devotes enormous attention to the construction of sentences, arguing their importance as the basis of his work. His prose has been described as flashy, difficult, edgy, masterful, inventive, and musical. Steven Moore, writing in "The Washington Post" has called Gass "the finest prose stylist in America." Much of Gass' work is metafictional.

Awards and honors

Gass has received many awards and honors, including grants from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1965, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in 1970. He won the Pushcart Prize awards in 1976, 1983, 1987, and 1992, and in 1994 he received the Mark Twain Award for Distinguished Contribution to the Literature of the Midwest. He has teaching awards from Purdue University and Washington University; in 1968 the "Chicago Tribune" Award as One of the Ten Best Teachers in the Big Ten. He was a Getty Foundation Fellow in 1991-1992. He received the Lannan Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997; and the American Book Award for "The Tunnel" in 1997. Gass has received the National Book Critics Circle Award for Criticism three times, for "Habitations of the Word" (1985), "Finding a Form" (1997) and "Tests of Time" (2003).

Professor Gass founded the International Writers Center at Washington University in 1990, whose purpose was to "build on the strengths of its resident and visiting faculty writers; to serve as a focal point for writing excellence in all disciplines and in all cultures; to be a directory for writers and writing programs at Washington University, in St. Louis, in the United States, and around the world; and to present the writer to the reader." Although he retired from teaching full time in 1999, Gass remains professor emeritus at Washington University. He has made numerous presentations of his photography, and he has a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame.

Gass is married to the architect Mary Henderson Gass, author of "Parkview: A St. Louis Urban Oasis" (2005). They have twin daughters. Catherine Gass is an artist teaching at The School of the Art Institute of Chicago and is the photographer for the Newberry Library. Elizabeth Gass-Boshoven lives in Michigan with her husband and daughter. She is a Brief Strategic Family Therapist and her husband James Boshoven is a Special Education teacher.

More recently, Gass has won the 2007 Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism in Memory of Newton Arvin. The winner of this award is chosen by a panel of six authors, and s/he also receives a cash prize of $30,000. The panel awarded Gass for his 2006 collection of essays, "A Temple of Texts".

Works

Fiction

*"Omensetter's Luck" (1966)
*"In The Heart of the Heart of the Country" (1968)
*"Willie Masters' Lonesome Wife" (1968)
*"The Tunnel" (1995)
*"Cartesian Sonata and Other Novellas" (1998)
*"Middle C" (in progress)

Non-Fiction

*"Fiction and the Figures of Life" (1970)
*"On Being Blue: A Philosophical Inquiry" (1976)
*"The World Within the Word" (1978)
*"Habitations of the Word" (1984)
*"Finding a Form" (1996)
*"Reading Rilke: Reflections on the Problems of Translation" (1999)
*"Tests of Time" (2002)
*"A Temple of Texts" (2006)

External links

Websites

* [http://www.tunneling.squarespace.com Tunneling] , a resource for readers of William H. Gass

Interviews

* [http://www.theparisreview.com/viewinterview.php/prmMID/3576 1977 interview] from "The Paris Review"
* [http://www.wiredforbooks.org/williamgass/ 1985 audio interview] by Don Swaim at Wired for Books
* [http://www.gadflyonline.com/archive/December98/archive-gass.html 1998 interview] from "Gadfly" magazine
* [http://www.pifmagazine.com/SID/706/ 2000 interview] from "Pif Magazine"
* [http://www.lannan.org/lf/rc/event/william-gass/ 2004 reading and audio interview] at Lannan Foundation Audio Archive
* [http://www.believermag.com/issues/200511/?read=interview_gass 2005 interview] from "The Believer"
* [http://observer.bard.edu/archives/Issue2Final.pdf 2006 interview] from "The Bard Observer"

Reviews

* [http://www.iath.virginia.edu/~jmu2m/arizona.quarterly.48:1.html A long review of "The Tunnel"] from "Arizona Quarterly", 48.1 (Spring 1992)
* [http://esposito.typepad.com/TQC_6/Tunnel_Gass.html Review of the audiobook version of "The Tunnel" by Stephen Schenkenberg] from "The Quarterly Conversation"

Persondata
NAME=Gass, William H.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION=Fiction writer, critic, philosophy professor
DATE OF BIRTH=July 30, 1924
PLACE OF BIRTH=Fargo, North Dakota
DATE OF DEATH=
PLACE OF DEATH=

Источник: William H. Gass