Книга: Thor Heyerdahl «The Kon-Tiki Expedition»
Серия: "Учебная серия для начального чтения" Книга норвежского этнографа Тура Хейердала ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ НА КОН-ТИКИ, посвященная описанию организованного им и проведенного под его руководством путешествия на плоту от Перу до Полинезии. Это путешествие было предпринято с целью доказать возможность заселения островов Полинезии с востока, из Америки. И хотя по признанию самого Хейердала ему удалось доказать лишь мореходные качества бальзовых плотов, значение его экспедиции вышло далеко за пределы поставленной им цели. Эта экспедицияприобрела самостоятельный интерес независимо от решения вопроса о происхождении полинезийцев. Основанная на точном анализе взаимодействия течений и ветров Тихого океана, эта экспедиция явилась выражением торжества научного предвидения, безграничной смелости и целеустремленности. Представляя интерес для самого широкого круга читателей, эта книга окажется особенно полезной для студентов-географов, историков, биологов и зоологов. В настоящем издании книга выходит с сокращениями; в отдельных... Издательство: "Высшая школа" (1964) Формат: 84x108/32, 136 стр.
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Thor Heyerdahl
Infobox Scientist
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birth_date = birth date|1914|10|6
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death_date = death date and age|2002|4|10|1914|10|6
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nationality = Norwegian
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Thor Heyerdahl (
Early years
As a young child, Thor Heyerdahl established a strong interest in zoology. He created a small museum in his childhood home, with a "
Fatu Hiva
The events surrounding his stay on the Marquesas, most of the time on
The Kon-Tiki Expedition
In the Kon-Tiki Expedition, Heyerdahl and five fellow adventurers went to
Kon-Tiki demonstrated that it was possible for a primitive raft to sail the Pacific with relative ease and safety, especially to the west (with the wind). The raft proved to be highly maneuverable, and fish congregated between the two balsa logs in such numbers that ancient sailors could have possibly relied on fish for hydration in the absence of other sources of fresh water. Inspired by "Kon-Tiki", other rafts have repeated the voyage. Heyerdahl's book about the expedition, "Kon-Tiki", has been translated into over 50 languages. The documentary film of the expedition, itself entitled "Kon-Tiki", won an Academy Award in 1951.
Anthropologists continue to believe, based on linguistic, physical, and genetic evidence, that Polynesia was settled from west to east, migration having begun from the Asian mainland. There are controversial indications, though, of some sort of South American/Polynesian contact, most notably in the fact that the South American
Heyerdahl's theory of Polynesian origins
Heyerdahl claimed that in Incan legend there was a sun-god named Con-Tici Viracocha who was the supreme head of the mythical fair-skinned people in
When the Spaniards came to Peru, Heyerdahl asserted, the Incas told them that the colossal monuments that stood deserted about the landscape were erected by a race of white gods who had lived there before the Incas themselves became rulers. The Incas described these "white gods" as wise, peaceful instructors who had originally come from the north in the "morning of time" and taught the Incas' primitive forefathers architecture as well as manners and customs. They were unlike other Native Americans in that they had "white skins and long beards" and were taller than the Incas. The Incas said that the "white gods" had then left as suddenly as they had come and fled westward across the Pacific. After they had left, the Incas themselves took over power in the country.
Heyerdahl said that when the Europeans first came to the Pacific islands, they were astonished that they found some of the natives to have relatively light skins and beards. There were whole families that had pale skin, hair varying in color from reddish to blonde, and almost Semitic, hook-nosed faces. In contrast, most of the Polynesians had golden-brown skin, raven-black hair, and rather flat noses. Heyerdahl claimed that when
Heyerdahl proposed that Tiki's
Expedition to Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
In 1955-1956, Heyerdahl organized the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to
In "Easter Island: the Mystery Solved" (Random House, 1989), Heyerdahl offered a more detailed theory of the island's history. Based on native testimony and archeological research, he claimed the island was originally colonized by
Heyerdahl speculates there was an uprising of "Short Ears" against the ruling "Long Ears." The "Long Ears" dug a defensive moat on the eastern end of the island and filled it with kindling. During the uprising, Heyerdahl claimed, the "Long Ears" ignited their moat and retreated behind it, but the "Short Ears" found a way around it, came up from behind, and pushed all but two of the "Long Ears" into the fire.
The Boats Ra and Ra II
In 1969 and 1970, Heyerdahl built two boats from
A book, "The Ra Expeditions", and a film documentary were made about the voyages.
Apart from the primary aspects of the expedition, Heyerdahl deliberately selected a crew representing a great diversity in race,
The Tigris
Heyerdahl built yet another reed boat, "Tigris", which was intended to demonstrate that trade and migration could have linked
:' Today we burn our proud ship... to protest against inhuman elements in the world of 1978... Now we are forced to stop at the entrance to the Red Sea. Surrounded by military airplanes and warships from the world's most civilized and developed nations, we have been denied permission by friendly governments, for reasons of security, to land anywhere, but in the tiny, and still neutral, Republic of Djibouti. Elsewhere around us, brothers and neighbors are engaged in homicide with means made available to them by those who lead humanity on our joint road into the third millennium.
:'To the innocent masses in all industrialized countries, we direct our appeal. We must wake up to the insane reality of our time.... We are all irresponsible, unless we demand from the responsible decision makers that modern armaments must no longer be made available to people whose former battle axes and swords our ancestors condemned.
:'Our planet is bigger than the reed bundles that have carried us across the seas, and yet small enough to run the same risks unless those of us still alive open our eyes and minds to the desperate need of intelligent collaboration to save ourselves and our common civilization from what we are about to convert into a sinking ship.'
In the years that followed, Heyerdahl was often outspoken on issues of international peace and the environment.The Tigris was crewed by eleven men:
Other work
Thor Heyerdahl also investigated the mounds found on the
In 1991 he studied the
His last project was presented in the book "
The central claims in this book are based on similarities of names in Norse mythology and geographic names in the Black Sea-region, e.g.
Heyerdahl claimed that the Udi ethnic minority in Azerbaijan was the descendants of the ancestors of the Scandinavians. He travelled to Azerbaijan on a number of occasions in the final two decades of his life and visited the Kish church. Heyerdahl's Odin theory was rejected by all serious historians, archaeologists, and linguists.
Heyerdahl was also an active figure in
ubsequent years
In subsequent years, Heyerdahl was involved with many other expeditions and archaeological projects. However, he remained best known for his boat-building, and for his emphasis on cultural diffusionism. He died, aged 87, from a
Legacy
*Heyerdahl's expeditions were spectacular, and his heroic journeys in flimsy boats caught the public imagination. Although much of his work remains controversial within the scientific community, Heyerdahl undoubtedly increased public interest in ancient history and in the achievements of various cultures and peoples around the world — he also showed that long distance ocean voyages were technically possible even with ancient designs. As such, he was a major practitioner of
*In 1954 William Willis sailed alone from
*
*Thor Heyerdahl's grandson, Olav Heyerdahl, retraced his grandfather's Kon-Tiki voyage in 2006, as part of a six-member crew. The voyage, called the Tangaroa Expedition, was intended as a tribute to Thor Heyerdahl, as well as a means to monitor the Pacific Ocean's environment. A film about the voyage is in preparation.
Decorations and honorary degrees
Heyerdahl's numerous awards and honors include the following:
* Retzius Medal, Royal Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography (1950)
* Mungo Park Medal, Royal Scottish Society for Geography (1951)
* Bonaparte-Wyse Gold Medal,
* Commander of the
* Bush Kent Kane Gold Medal, Geographical Society of Philadelphia (1952)
* Honorary Member, Geographical Societies of Norway (1953), Peru (1953), Brazil (1954).
* El Orden por Meritos Distinguidos, Peru (1953)
* Elected Member Norwegian Academy of Sciences (1958)
* Fellow,
*
* Vega Gold Medal, Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography (1962)
* Lomonosov Medal,
* Gold Medal,
* Distinguished Service Award,
* Grande Ufficiale Ordine Al Merito della Republica Italiana (1968)
* Knight in the
* Order of Merit, Egypt (1971)
* Grand Officer, Royal Alaouites Order, Morocco (1971)
* Kiril i Metodi Award, Geographical Society, Bulgaria (1972)
* Honorary Professor,
* Officer, La Orden El Sol del Peru (1975)
* International Pahlavi Environment Prize, United Nations (1978)
*
* Doctor Honoris Causa, USSR Academy of Science (1980)
* Bradford Washburn Award,
* Doctor Honoris Causa, University of San Martin, Lima, Peru, (1991)
* Doctor Honoris Causa,
* Doctor Honoris Causa,
* President's Medal,
*
Books
* "Paa Jakt efter Paradiset" ('Hunt for Paradise'; 1938)
* "Kon-Tiki: Across the Pacific in a Raft" ("The Kon-Tiki Expedition: By Raft Across the South Seas")
* "American Indians in the Pacific: The theory behind the Kon-Tiki Expedition"
* ""
* "Sea Routes to Polynesia"
* "The Ra Expeditions"
* "" (1974)
* "Early Man and the Ocean: The Beginning of Navigation and Seaborn Civilizations"
* "The Tigris Expedition: In Search of Our Beginnings"
* "The Maldive Mystery"
* "Green Was the Earth on the Seventh Day: Memories and Journeys of a Lifetime"
* "Pyramids of Tucume: The Quest for Peru's Forgotten City"
* "In the Footsteps of Adam: A Memoir"
ee also
* Asteroid 2473 Heyerdahl is named after the explorer
* M/S "Thor Heyerdahl", a ferry named after him (Now M/S "Vana Tallinn")
* HNoMS "Thor Heyerdahl", a frigate of the Norwegian Navys
* "Thor Heyerdahl", a refurbished schooner, used for youth work and owned by a former member of the Tigris expedition [http://www.thor-heyerdahl.de/]
*
*
References
#
#Heyerdahl, Thor. "Kon-Tiki", 1950 Rand McNally & Company.
#Heyerdahl, Thor. "Fatu Hiva". Penguin. 1976.
#Heyerdahl, Thor. "Early Man and the Ocean: A Search for the Beginnings of Navigation and Seaborne Civilizations", February 1979.
External links
* [http://www.kon-tiki.no/ Kon-Tiki Museum]
* [http://www.plu.edu/~ryandp/thor.html Thor Heyerdahl Biography and Bibliography]
* [http://www.greatdreams.com/thor.htm Thor Heyerdahl expeditions]
* [http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai111_folder/111_articles/111_heyerdahl_tigris.html the 'Tigris' expedition, with Heyerdahl's war protest]
* [http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai102_folder/102_articles/102_heyerdahl_storfjell.html Bjornar Storfjell's account] : A reference of his last project "
* [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/04/0419_020419_wirethor.html National Geographic] biography
* [http://www.forskning.no/temaer/thor_heyerdahl Forskning.no] Biography from the official Norwegian scientific webportal (in Norwegian).
* [http://www.blueworldexplorer.co.uk/explorers/heyerdahl.htm Biography of Thor Heyerdahl]
* [http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/thor Sea Routes to Polynesia] Extracts from lectures by Thor Heyerdahl
Источник: Thor Heyerdahl
Другие книги схожей тематики:
Автор | Книга | Описание | Год | Цена | Тип книги |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thor Heyerdahl | The Kon-Tiki Expedition | Книга норвежского этнографа Тура Хейердала ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ НА КОН-ТИКИ, посвященная описанию организованного… — Высшая школа, (формат: 84x108/32, 136 стр.) Учебная серия для начального чтения Подробнее... | 1964 | 280 | бумажная книга |
См. также в других словарях:
Kon-Tiki expedition — Kon Ti|ki ex|pe|di|tion, the a journey made in 1947 by the Norwegian ↑explorer, Thor Heyerdahl, and five other people. They sailed a ↑raft, called the Kon Tiki, from Callao in Peru to Tuamoto Island in the South Pacific Ocean in order to show… … Dictionary of contemporary English
Kon-Tiki — is the raft used by Norwegian explorer and writer Thor Heyerdahl in his 1947 expedition across the Pacific Ocean from South America to the Polynesian islands. It was named after the Inca sun god, Viracocha, for whom Kon Tiki was said to be an old … Wikipedia
Kon-Tiki (Scouting Event) — Kon Tiki refers to one of two annual Scout raft building competitions, held in Cape Town and Gauteng in South Africa. Named after Thor Heyrdahl s Kon tiki expedition of 1957, teams compete to build and live on a raft for a weekend. Support crew… … Wikipedia
Kon-Tiki (film) — Kon Tiki is a Norwegian documentary about the Kon Tiki expedition led by Norwegian explorer and writer Thor Heyerdahl in 1947, released in 1950. The movie, which was directed by Thor Heyerdahl and edited by Olle Nordemar, received the Academy… … Wikipedia
Kon-Tiki — /kɒn ˈtiki/ (say kon teekee) noun a raft of green balsa wood on which an expedition led by Thor Heyerdahl in 1947 floated from Peru to the Marquesas. {named after Kon Tiki, a member of a Peruvian people who, according to legend, floated from Peru …
Tiki culture — Tiki kitsch culture is a 20th century theme used in Polynesian style restaurants and clubs originally in the United States and then, to a lesser degree, around the world. Although inspired in part by Tiki carvings and mythology, the connection is … Wikipedia