Книга: Cormac McCarthy «The Sunset Limited»

Cormac McCarthy (born Charles McCarthy;^[1] July 20, 1933) is an American novelist and playwright. He has written ten novels, spanning the Southern Gothic, Western, and modernist genres. He received the Pulitzer Prize and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for Fiction for The Road. His 2005 novel No Country for Old Men was adapted as a 2007 film of the same name, which won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture. He received a National Book Award and National Book Critics Circle Award for his 1992 novel, All the Pretty Horses. All the Pretty Horses and The Road were also made into major motion films.

Blood Meridian (1985) was among Time magazine's list of 100 best English-language books published between 1923 and 2005^[2] and placed joint runner-up in a poll taken in 2006 by The New York Times of the best American fiction published in the last 25 years.^[3] Literary critic Harold Bloom named him as one of the four major American novelists of his time, alongside Don DeLillo, Thomas Pynchon and Philip Roth,^[4] and called Blood Meridian "the greatest single book since Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying".^[5] In 2010 The Times ranked The Road first on its list of the 100 best fiction and non-fiction books of the past 10 years. He is frequently compared by modern reviewers to William Faulkner. McCarthy has been increasingly mentioned as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature.^[6]

Writing career

McCarthy's first novel, The Orchard Keeper, was published by Random House in 1965. He decided to send the manuscript to Random House because "it was the only publisher [he] had heard of". At Random House, the manuscript found its way to Albert Erskine, who had been William Faulkner's editor until Faulkner's death in 1962. ^[7] Erskine continued to edit McCarthy's work for the next twenty years.

In the summer of 1965, using a Traveling Fellowship award from The American Academy of Arts and Letters, McCarthy shipped out aboard the liner Sylvania, hoping to visit Ireland. While on the ship, he met Anne DeLisle, who was working on the ship as a singer. In 1966, they were married in England. Also in 1966, McCarthy received a Rockefeller Foundation Grant, which he used to travel around Southern Europe before landing in Ibiza, where he wrote his second novel, Outer Dark. Afterward he returned to America with his wife, and Outer Dark was published in 1968 to generally favorable reviews.^[8]

In 1969, McCarthy and his wife moved to Louisville, Tennessee, and purchased a barn, which McCarthy renovated, even doing the stonework himself.^[8] Here he wrote his next book, Child of God, based on actual events. Child of God was published in 1973. Like Outer Dark before it, Child of God was set in southern Appalachia. In 1976, McCarthy separated from Anne DeLisle and moved to El Paso, Texas. In 1979, his novel Suttree, which he had been writing on and off for twenty years,^[9] was finally published.

Supporting himself with the money from his 1981 MacArthur Fellowship, he wrote his next novel, Blood Meridian, or the Evening Redness in the West, which was published in 1985. The book has grown appreciably in stature in literary circles. In a 2006 poll of authors and publishers conducted by The New York Times Magazine to list the greatest American novels of the previous quarter-century, Blood Meridian placed third, behind only Toni Morrison's Beloved and Don DeLillo's Underworld.

McCarthy finally received widespread recognition in 1992 with the publication of All the Pretty Horses, which won the National Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle Award. It was followed by The Crossing and Cities of the Plain, completing the Border Trilogy. In the midst of this trilogy came The Stonemason, McCarthy's second dramatic work. He had previously written a film for PBS in the 1970s, The Gardener's Son. McCarthy's next book, 2005's No Country for Old Men, stayed with the western setting and themes, yet moved to a more contemporary period. It was adapted into a film of the same name by the Coen Brothers, winning four Academy Awards and more than 75 film awards globally. McCarthy's book, The Road (2006) won international acclaim and the Pulitzer Prize for literature. A film adaptation (2009) was directed by John Hillcoat, written by Joe Penhall, and starred Viggo Mortensen and Kodi Smit-McPhee. Also in 2006, McCarthy published the play The Sunset Limited. The play was adapted for film by the playwright for a version directed and executive produced by Tommy Lee Jones; it began airing on HBO in February 2011. Jones also stars, opposite Samuel L. Jackson.

McCarthy is at work on three new novels.^[10] One is set in 1980s New Orleans and follows a young man as he deals with the suicide of his sister. According to McCarthy, this will be his first work to feature a prominent female character. He also states that the new novel is "long".^[11]

Archives

The comprehensive archive of Cormac McCarthy's personal papers is preserved at the Wittliff collections, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas. The McCarthy papers consists of 98 boxes (46 linear feet).^[12] The acquisition of the Cormac McCarthy Papers resulted from years of ongoing conversations between McCarthy and Southwestern Writers Collection founder, Bill Wittliff, who negotiated the proceedings.^[13] The Southwestern Writers Collection / Wittliff collections also holds The Wolmer Collection of Cormac McCarthy, which consists of letters between McCarthy and bibliographer J. Howard Woolmer,^[14] and four other related collections.^[15]

Personal life

McCarthy attended the University of Tennessee from 1951–52 and 1957–59 but never graduated. While at UT he published two stories in The Phoenix and was awarded the Ingram-Merrill Award for creative writing in 1959 and 1960.

McCarthy now lives in the Tesuque, New Mexico, area, north of Santa Fe, with his wife, Jennifer Winkley, and their son, John. He guards his privacy. In one of his few interviews (with The New York Times), McCarthy reveals that he is not a fan of authors who do not "deal with issues of life and death," citing Henry James and Marcel Proust as examples. "I don't understand them," he said. "To me, that's not literature. A lot of writers who are considered good I consider strange."^[9] McCarthy remains active in the academic community of Santa Fe and spends much of his time at the Santa Fe Institute, which was founded by his friend, physicist Murray Gell-Mann.

Talk show host Oprah Winfrey chose McCarthy's 2006 novel The Road as the April 2007 selection for her Book Club.^[16] As a result, McCarthy agreed to his first television interview, which aired on The Oprah Winfrey Show on June 5, 2007. The interview took place in the library of the Santa Fe Institute; McCarthy told Winfrey that he does not know any writers, and much prefers the company of scientists. During the interview he related several stories illustrating the degree of outright poverty he has endured at times during his career as a writer. He also spoke about the experience of fathering a child at an advanced age, and how his now-eight-year-old son was the inspiration for The Road. McCarthy noted to Oprah that he prefers "simple declarative sentences" and that he uses capital letters, periods, an occasional comma, a colon for setting off a list, but "never a semicolon." He does not use quotation marks for dialogue and believes there is no reason to "blot the page up with weird little marks".

In October 2007, Time Magazine published a conversation between McCarthy and the Coen Brothers, on the eve of their adaptation of McCarthy's No Country for Old Men^[17]. During the conversation, McCarthy talked about his taste in cinema, claiming he's "not that big a fan of exotic foreign films" and citing Five Easy Pieces and Days of Heaven as "good movies" while praising the Coens' own Miller's Crossing as "a very, very fine movie". Regarding his own literary constraints when writing novels, McCarthy said he's "not a fan of some of the Latin American writers, magical realism. You know, it's hard enough to get people to believe what you're telling them without making it impossible. It has to be vaguely plausible."^[18].

According to Wired magazine, McCarthy's Olivetti Lettera 32 typewriter was put up for auction at Christie's. The Olivetti Lettera 32 has been in his care for 46 years, since 1963. He picked up the used machine for $50 from a pawn shop in Knoxville, Tennessee. McCarthy estimates he has typed around five million words on the machine, and maintenance consisted of "blowing out the dust with a service station hose". The typewriter was auctioned on Friday, December 4, 2009 and the auction house, Christie’s, estimated it would fetch between $15,000 and $20,000; it sold for $254,500.^[19] The Olivetti's replacement for McCarthy to use is another Olivetti, bought by McCarthy’s friend John Miller for $11.^[20] The proceeds of the auction are to be donated to the Santa Fe Institute, a nonprofit interdisciplinary scientific research organization.

Family

Children

• Cullen McCarthy (born 1962), son (with Lee Holleman)^[21]
• John Francis McCarthy, son (with Jennifer Winkley)

Marriages

• Lee Holleman, (1961) divorced
• Annie DeLisle, (1967 - divorced 1981)
• Jennifer Winkley (married as of 2007)^[22]

Awards

• 1959, 1960 Ingram-Merrill awards
• 1965 Faulkner prize for a first novel for The Orchard Keeper^[9]
• 1965 Traveling Fellowship from the American Academy of Arts and Letters
• 1969 Guggenheim Fellowship for creative writing
• 1981 MacArthur Fellowship^[8]
• 1992 National Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle Award for All the Pretty Horses
• 2006 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for Fiction for The Road
• 2006 Believer Book Award, winner for The Road
• 2007 Pulitzer Prize for fiction for The Road
• 2008 PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction, for a career whose writing "possesses qualities of excellence, ambition, and scale of achievement over a sustained career which place him or her in the highest rank of American literature."

Film and television adaptations

• The Gardener's Son was part of a series for PBS and aired in January 1977. McCarthy wrote the screenplay upon request for director Richard Pearce.^[23]
• In 2000, McCarthy's novel All the Pretty Horses was made into a film directed by Billy Bob Thornton, starring Matt Damon and Penélope Cruz.
• McCarthy's 2005 novel No Country for Old Men was adapted into a 2007 Academy Award-winning film directed by the Coen Brothers and starring Tommy Lee Jones, Josh Brolin and Javier Bardem.
• A film based on the novel The Road began development in 2007. John Hillcoat directs this adaptation by Joe Penhall.^[24] The lead role of the father is played by Viggo Mortensen.^[25] Charlize Theron is the wife^[26] and Robert Duvall is the old man. The film opened on November 25, 2009 to mostly positive reviews.^[27]
• An adaptation of McCarthy's 2006 play The Sunset Limited aired on HBO in February 2011. It stars Tommy Lee Jones (who also directs) and Samuel L. Jackson.^[28]
• A film adaptation of Blood Meridian has been rumored for years. The names of James Franco, Todd Field, and Scott Rudin have been connected to the project, which has fallen through at least twice.^[29][30]

Published works

Novels

• The Orchard Keeper (1965) ISBN 0-679-72872-4
• Outer Dark (1968) ISBN 0-679-72873-2
• Child of God (1973) ISBN 0-679-72874-0
• Suttree (1979) ISBN 0-679-73632-8
• Blood Meridian or the Evening Redness in the West (1985) ISBN 0-679-72875-9
• All the Pretty Horses (1992) ISBN 0-679-74439-8
• The Crossing (1994) ISBN 0-679-76084-9
• Cities of the Plain (1998) ISBN 0-679-74719-2
• No Country for Old Men (2005) ISBN 0-375-70667-4
• The Road (2006) ISBN 0-307-38789-5
• The Passenger (forthcoming) [2]

Screenplays

• The Gardener's Son (1976) ISBN 0-88001-481-4

Plays

• The Stonemason (1995) ISBN 978-0-679-76280-5
• The Sunset Limited (2006) ISBN 0-307-27836-0

References

External links

• The Cormac McCarthy Society
• Works by or about Cormac McCarthy in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Cormac McCarthy's Venomous Fiction - 1992 interview with McCarthy from The New York Times.
• "The Balzac of Human Trash: Novelist Cormac McCarthy" in Your Flesh. May 01, 1995
• Southwestern Writers Collection at the Witliff Collection, Texas State University- Cormac McCarthy Papers
• Science Friday - Connecting Science and Art - A conversation between McCarthy, Werner Herzog, and Lawrence Krauss on Science Friday, April 8, 2011.