Электронная книга: Hugo Grotius «Sechs Bucher des Hugo Grotius von der Mahrheit der christlichen Religion»
Полный вариант заголовка: «Sechs Bucher des Hugo Grotius von der Mahrheit der christlichen Religion : mit dessen Anmerkungen aus dem Lateinischen ubersetzt / nebst noch einigen andern Anmerkungen begleitet von M. Christian David Hohl». Издательство: "Библиотечный фонд" (1768)
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Hugo Grotius
Infobox Philosopher
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image_caption = Hugo Grotius - Portrait by
name = Hugo Grotius
birth =
death =
school_tradition =
main_interests =
influences =
influenced = Selden, Hobbes, Cumberland, Pufendorf, Locke, Bynkershoek, Barbeyrac, Vattel, Rousseau, Kant,
notable_ideas = early theorist of
Hugo Grotius or Huig de Groot, or Hugo de Groot; (
Early life
Born in Delft during the Dutch Revolt, Hugo was the first child of Jan de Groot and Alida van Overschie. His father was a man of learning, once having studied with the eminent
"De Indis" and "Mare Liberum"
The Dutch were at war with Spain and
The result of Grotius' efforts in 1604-1605 was a long, theory-laden treatise that he provisionally entitled "De Indis" ("On the Indies"). Grotius sought to ground his defense of the seizure in terms of the natural principles of justice. In this, he had cast a net much wider than the case at hand; his interest was in the source and ground of war's lawfulness in general. The treatise was never published in full during Grotius' lifetime, perhaps because the court ruling in favor of the Company preempted the need to garner public support. The manuscript was not made public until it was uncovered from Grotius' estate in 1864 and published under the title, "De Jure Praedae" ("On the Right of Capture"). The principles that Grotius developed there, however, laid the basis for his mature work on international justice, "De jure belli ac pacis", and in fact one chapter of the earlier work did make it to the press in the form of the influential pamphlet, "Mare Liberum".
In "Mare Liberum" ("The Free Seas", published 1609) Grotius formulated the new principle that the sea was international territory and all
As conflicting claims grew out of the controversy, maritime states came to moderate their demands and base their maritime claims on the principle that it extended seawards from land. A workable formula was found by
The dispute would eventually have important economic implications. The Dutch Republic supported the idea of
The Arminian controversy, arrest and exile
Aided by his continued association with van Oldenbarnevelt, Grotius made considerable advances in his political career, being retained as Oldenbarnevelt's resident advisor in 1605, Advocate General of the
In these years a great theological controversy broke out between the followers of
The edict did not have the intended effect, and hostilities flared throughout the republic. To maintain civil order, Oldenbarnevelt eventually proposed that local authorities be given the power to raise troops (the
In 1621, with the help of his wife and maidservant, Grotius managed to escape the castle in a book chest and fled to
Grotius was well received in Paris by his former acquaintances and was granted a royal pension under
"On The Truth of the Christian Religion"
While in Paris, Grotius set about rendering into Latin prose a work which he had compiled in prison, providing rudimentary yet systematic arguments for the truth of Christianity. (Showcasing Grotius' skill as a poet, the earlier Dutch version of the work, "Bewijs van den waren Godsdienst" (pub. 1622), was written entirely in didactic verse.) The Latin work was first published in 1627 as "De veritate religionis Christianae".
It was the first Protestant textbook in Christian
Grotius also developed a particular view of the
"De Jure Belli ac Pacis"
Living in the times of the
"De jure belli ac pacis libri tres" ("On the Law of War and Peace: Three books") was first published in 1625, dedicated to Grotius' current patron, Louis XIII. The treatise advances a system of principles of
*Book I advances his conception of war and of natural
*Book II identifies three 'just causes' for war:
*Book III takes up the question of what rules govern the conduct of war once it has begun; influentially, Grotius argued that all parties to war are bound by such rules, whether their cause is just or not.
The arguments of this work constitute a theory of just war. Roughly, the second book takes up questions of "
Later years
Many exiled Remonstrants began to return to the Netherlands after the death of Prince Maurice in 1625, but Grotius, who refused to ask for
Trivia
*Grotius' personal motto: "Ruit hora." (Time is running away.)
*Grotius' last words: "By understanding many things, I have accomplished nothing."
*Grotius' self-composed epitaph::"Grotius hic Hugo est, Batavum captivus et exsul":"Legatus regni, Suecia magna, tui.": (Here is Hugo Grotius, Batavian captive and exile:Ambassador of thy realm, great Sweden!) [Nussbaum, Arthur. "A Concise History of the Law of Nations", 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan Co., 1947, p. 102.]
*Significant friends and acquaintances:
**Franciscus Junius - theologian
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*The
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elected works
Works are listed in order of publication, with the exception of works published posthumously or after long delay (estimated composition dates are given). [See "Catalogue of the Grotius Collection" (Peace Palace Library, The Hague) and 'Grotius, Hugo' in "Dictionary of Seventeenth Century Dutch Philosophers" (Thoemmes Press 2003).] Where an English translation is available, the most recently published translation is listed beneath the title.
*"Adamus exul" (The Exile of Adam; tragedy) - The Hague, 1601
*"De republica emendanda" (To Improve the Dutch Republic; manuscript 1601) - pub. The Hague, 1984
*"Parallelon rerumpublicarum" (Comparison of Constitutions; manuscript 1601-02) - pub. Haarlem 1801-03
*"De Indis" (On the Indies; manuscript 1604-05) - pub. 1868 as "De Jure Praedae":"Commentary on the Law of Prize and Booty", ed. Martine Julia van Ittersum (Liberty Fund, 2006).
*"Christus patiens" (The Passion of Christ; tragedy) - Leiden, 1608
*"Mare Liberum" (The Free Seas; from chapter 12 of "De Indis") - Leiden, 1609:"The Free Sea", ed. David Armitage (Liberty Fund, 2004).
*"De antiquitate reipublicae Batavicae" (On the Antiquity of the Batavian Republic) - Leiden, 1610:"The Antiquity of the Batavian Republic", ed. Jan Waszink and others (van Gorcum, 2000).
*"Meletius" (manuscript 1611) - pub. Leiden, 1988:"Meletius", ed. G.H.M. Posthumus Meyjes (Brill, 1988).
*"Annales et Historiae de rebus Belgicus" (Annals and History of the Low Countries; manuscript 1612) - pub. Amsterdam, 1657:"The Annals and History of the Low-Countrey-warrs", ed. Thomas Manley (London, 1665).
*"Ordinum Hollandiae ac Westfrisiae pietas" (The Piety of the States of Holland and Westfriesland) - Leiden, 1613:"Ordinum Hollandiae ac Westfrisiae pietas", ed. Edwin Rabbie (Brill, 1995).
*"De imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra" (On the power of sovereigns concerning religious affairs; manuscript 1614-17) - pub. Paris, 1647:"De imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra", ed. Harm-Jan van Dam (Brill, 2001).
*"De satisfactione Christi adversus Faustum Socinum" (On the satisfaction of Christ against [the doctrines of]
*"Inleydinge tot de Hollantsche rechtsgeleertheit" (Introduction to Dutch Jurisprudence; written in Loevenstein) - pub. The Hague, 1631:"The Jurisprudence of Holland", ed. R.W. Lee (Oxford, 1926).
*"Bewijs van den waaren godsdienst" (Proof of the True Religion; didactic poem) - Rotterdam, 1622
*"Apologeticus" (Defense of the actions which led to his arrest) - Paris, 1922
*"De jure belli ac pacis" (On the Law of War and Peace) - Paris, 1625 (2nd ed. Amsterdam 1631):"The Rights of War and Peace", ed. Richard Tuck (Liberty Fund, 2005).
*"De veritate religionis Christianae" (On the Truth of the Christian religion) - Paris, 1627:"The Truth of the Christian Religion", ed. John Clarke (Edinburgh, 1819).
*"Sophompaneas" (Joseph; tragedy) - Amsterdam, 1635
*"De origine gentium Americanarum dissertatio" (Dissertation of the origin of the American peoples) - Paris 1642
*"Via ad pacem ecclesiasticam" (The way to religious peace) - Paris, 1642
*"Annotationes in Vetus Testamentum" (Commentaries on the Old Testament) - Amsterdam, 1644
*"Annotationes in Novum Testamentum" (Commentaries on the New Testament) - Amsterdam and Paris, 1641-50
*"De fato" (On Destiny) - Paris, 1648
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Notes
References
* Ittersum, Martine Julia van. "Hugo Grotius, Natural Rights Theories and the Rise of Dutch Power in the East Indies 1595-1615". Boston: Brill, 2006.
* Vreeland, Hamilton. "Hugo Grotius: The Father of the Modern Science of International Law". New York: Oxford University Press, 1917.
Further reading
* Craig, William Lane. "The Historical Argument for the Resurrection of Christ During the Deist Controversy", Texts and Studies in Religion Volume 23. Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston, New York & Queenston, Ontario, 1985.
* Dulles, Avery. "A History of Apologetics". Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock, 1999.
* Dumbauld, Edward. "The Life and Legal Writings of Hugo Grotius." Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1969.
* Edwards, Charles S. "Hugo Grotius: The Miracle of Holland". Chicago: Nelson Hall, 1981.
* "Grotiana." Assen, The Netherlands: Royal Van Gorcum Publishers. (journal of Grotius studies, 1980-)
* Haakonssen, Knud. "Grotius and the History of Political Thought", Political Theory, vol. 13, no. 2 (May, 1985), 239-265.
* Haggenmacher, Peter. "Grotius et la doctrine de la guerre juste". Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1983.
* "Hugo Grotius, Theologian". ed. Nellen and Rabbie. New York: E.J. Brill, 1994.
* "Hugo Grotius and International Relations". ed. Bull, Kingsbury and Roberts. New York: Clarendon Press, 1990.
* Knight, W.S.M. "The Life and Works of Hugo Grotius". London: Sweet & Maxwell, Ltd., 1925.
* Lauterpacht, Hersch. "The Grotian Tradition in International Law", British Yearbook of International Law, 1946.
* Nellen, Henk J. M. "Hugo de Groot: Een leven in strijd om de vrede (official Dutch State biography)". The Hague: Balans Publishing, 2007.
* Stumpf, Christoph A. "The Grotian Theology of International Law: Hugo Grotius and the Moral Fundament of International Relations". Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2006.
* Tuck, Richard. "Philosophy and Government: 1572-1651". New York: Cambridge, 1993.
* Tuck, Richard. "The Rights of War and Peace: Political Thought and the International Order from Grotius to Kant". New York: Oxford, 1999.
* Vollenhoven, Cornelius van. "Grotius and Geneva", Bibliotheca Visseriana, vol. vi, 1926.
* Vollenhoven, Cornelius van. "Three Stages in the Evolution of International Law". The Hague: Nijhoff, 1919.
External links
* [http://81.1911encyclopedia.org/Hugo_Grotius Biography in 1911 Encyclopedia]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/grotius/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry]
* [http://www.ppl.nl/fulltext/grotius/ Extensive catalogue of Grotius' writings at the Peace Palace Library, The Hague]
* [http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/grotius.htm Grotius resource page, with other links to texts]
Texts online
* [http://www.constitution.org/gro/djbp.htm Hugo Grotius, "On the Laws of War and Peace" (abridged)]
* [http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/Author.php?recordID=0110 Hugo Grotius, "On the Laws of War and Peace" (unabridged), "The Free Seas", and more.]
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k580227.capture Hugo Grotius, "On the Laws of War and Peace" (Latin, first edition of 1625) via the French National Library ("télécharger" to download)]
*gutenberg author|id=Hugo+Grotius | name=Hugo Grotius
* [http://hdl.handle.net/1887/4550 Physicarum disputationum septima de infinito, loco et vacuo; disputation by Hugo Grotius, 14 years old, at Leiden University]
* [http://hdl.handle.net/1887/4549 Logicarum disputationum quarta de postpraedicamentis; another disputation by Hugo Grotius, 14 years old, at Leiden University]
* [http://www.dundee.ac.uk/history/research/MartinevanIttersumMareliberum2.pdf Preparing Mare Liberum for the Press by Martine Julia van Ittersum] Puts into context of truce negotiations 1608-09. Ittersum (p.18) notes Grotius' citing of School of Salamanca figures, as well as the ancient Greek, Roman and early Church Fathers (p.12).
Persondata
NAME= Grotius, Hugo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Huig de Groot; Hugo de Groot
SHORT DESCRIPTION=philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH=
PLACE OF BIRTH=
DATE OF DEATH=
PLACE OF DEATH=
Источник: Hugo Grotius
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Hugo Grotius | Sechs Bucher des Hugo Grotius von der Mahrheit der christlichen Religion | Полный вариант заголовка: «Sechs Bucher des Hugo Grotius von der Mahrheit der christlichen Religion : mit dessen Anmerkungen aus dem Lateinischen ubersetzt / nebst noch einigen… — Библиотечный фонд, электронная книга Подробнее... | 1768 | электронная книга |
См. также в других словарях:
Hugo Grotius — – Portrait von Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt, 1631 Hugo Grotius, niederländisch Huigh oder Hugo de Groot (* 10. April 1583 in Delft (Niederlande); † 28. August … Deutsch Wikipedia
Hugo Grotius — Portrait par Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt (1631). Hugo Grotius (de son nom d origine Huig de Groot ou Hugo de Groot (Delft, 10 avril 1583 Rostock, 28 août 1645) … Wikipédia en Français
Hugo Grotius — Infobox Philosopher region = Western Philosophy era = 17th century philosophy color = #B0C4DE |thumb|230px image caption = Hugo Grotius Portrait by Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt, 1631 name = Hugo Grotius birth = 10 April 1583 (Delft, Holland) death … Wikipedia
Hugo Grotius — noun Dutch jurist and diplomat whose writings established the basis of modern international law (1583 1645) • Syn: ↑Grotius, ↑Huig de Groot • Instance Hypernyms: ↑jurist, ↑legal expert, ↑diplomat, ↑diplomatist … Useful english dictionary
Grotius — Hugo Grotius – Portrait von Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt, 1631 Hugo Grotius, niederl. Huigh oder Hugo de Groot (* 10. April 1583 in Delft (Niederlande); † 28. August … Deutsch Wikipedia
Hugo de Groot — Hugo Grotius – Portrait von Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt, 1631 Hugo Grotius, niederl. Huigh oder Hugo de Groot (* 10. April 1583 in Delft (Niederlande); † 28. August … Deutsch Wikipedia