Книга: Lambert Johann Heinrich «La Perspective Affranchie De L'embaras Du Plan Geometral (French Edition)»

La Perspective Affranchie De L'embaras Du Plan Geometral (French Edition)

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Издательство: "Книга по Требованию" (2010)

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Lambert, Johann Heinrich

▪ Swiss-German scientist and philosopher
born August 26, 1728, Mülhausen, Alsace
died September 25, 1777, Berlin, Prussia [Germany]
 Swiss German mathematician, astronomer, physicist, and philosopher who provided the first rigorous proof that π (pi) (the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter) is irrational, meaning that it cannot be expressed as the quotient of two integers.

      Lambert, the son of a tailor, was largely self-educated and early in his life began geometric and astronomical investigations by means of instruments he designed and built himself. He worked for a time as a bookkeeper, secretary, and editor. As a private tutor in 1748, he gained access to a good library, which he used for self-improvement until 1759, when he resigned his post to settle in Augsburg. In 1764 he went to Berlin, where he received the patronage of Frederick the Great (Frederick II). His memoir containing the proof that π is irrational was published in 1768. In 1774 at Berlin he became editor of Astronomisches Jahrbuch oder Ephemeriden, an astronomical almanac.

      Lambert made the first systematic development of hyperbolic functions. He is also responsible for many innovations in the study of heat and light. The lambert, a measurement of light intensity, was named in his honour. Among his most important works are Photometria (1760; “The Measurement of Light”); Die Theorie der Parallellinien (1766; “The Theory of Parallel Lines”), which contains results later included in non-Euclidean geometry; and Pyrometrie (1779; “The Measurement of Heat”). The Neues Organon (1764; “New Organon”), his principal philosophical work, contains an analysis of a great variety of questions, among them formal logic, probability (probability theory), and the principles of science (science, philosophy of). He also corresponded with Immanuel Kant (Kant, Immanuel), with whom he shares the honour of being among the first to recognize that spiral nebulae (nebula) are disk-shaped galaxies like the Milky Way (Milky Way Galaxy).

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Источник: Lambert, Johann Heinrich

См. также в других словарях:

  • Lambert , Johann Heinrich — (1728–1777) German mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and philosopher Lambert, the son of a poor tailor from Mulhouse (now in France), was largely self educated. He spent the early part of his life in various occupations, including teaching… …   Scientists

  • Lambert, Johann Heinrich — ▪ Swiss German scientist and philosopher born August 26, 1728, Mülhausen, Alsace died September 25, 1777, Berlin, Prussia [Germany]  Swiss German mathematician, astronomer, physicist, and philosopher who provided the first rigorous proof that π… …   Universalium

  • Lambert, Johann Heinrich — See Leibniz (from) to Kant …   History of philosophy

  • LAMBERT, JOHANN HEINRICH —    German philosopher and mathematician; was the successor and rival of Leibnitz in both regards, and was patronised by Frederick the Great (1619 1728) …   The Nuttall Encyclopaedia

  • Johann Heinrich Lambert — (* 26. August 1728 in Mülhausen (Elsass); † 25. September 1777 in Berlin) war ein schweizerisch elsässischer Mathematiker, Logiker, Physiker und Philosoph der Aufklärung …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Johann Heinrich Lambert — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Lambert. Johann Heinrich Lambert …   Wikipédia en Français

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