Книга: Kun Bela «Kalvin Egyhazalkotmanya (Hungarian Edition)»

Kalvin Egyhazalkotmanya (Hungarian Edition)

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Издательство: "Книга по Требованию" (2010)

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Kun, Béla

Kun (ko͞on), Béla. 1886-1939?.

Hungarian politician who founded the Hungarian Communist Party (1918) and organized the revolution in Budapest (1919). He briefly served as premier but fled the country during a counterrevolution (1919).

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▪ Hungarian communist leader

born Feb. 20, 1886, Szilágycseh, Transylvania, Austria-Hungary [now in Hungary]
died Nov. 30, 1939?, U.S.S.R.
 communist leader and head of the Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919.

      The son of a Jewish village clerk, Kun became active in Social Democratic politics early in life, working at first in Transylvania and later in Budapest. He was mobilized in the Austro-Hungarian army at the outbreak of World War I, became a prisoner of war in Russia in 1916, and joined the Bolsheviks. Attracting the attention of V.I. Lenin, Kun received training in revolutionary tactics and returned to Hungary after the collapse of the Central Powers in November 1918. He started a communist newspaper and founded the Hungarian Communist Party on Dec. 20, 1918. Though imprisoned in February 1919 by the government of Mihály Károlyi (Károlyi, Mihály, Count), Kun was allowed to continue directing Hungary's Communist Party from his cell. His extensive propaganda combined social agitation with promises that, if given power, he would secure Soviet aid against the Romanian forces then occupying parts of Hungary.

      On March 20, 1919, Kun was released by Károlyi, and the following day, as commissar for foreign affairs, he assumed the dominant position in a new Communist–Social Democratic coalition government. His regime took advantage of an upsurge of popular nationalism and created a Red Army that rapidly reconquered a considerable portion of the territory lost to Czechoslovaks and Romanians. Kun also quickly eliminated the moderate elements in the government through terroristic measures. Soviet help, however, failed to arrive, and Kun alienated the peasantry by nationalizing Hungary's estates rather than dividing them among the peasants. As a consequence, food distribution broke down, and the army refused to fight. The regime collapsed on Aug. 1, 1919, and Kun fled to Vienna. As a leader of the Third International, he attempted to initiate revolutionary outbreaks several times in Germany and Austria during the 1920s. He was eventually accused of “Trotskyism” and fell victim to one of Joseph Stalin's purges in the late 1930s.

      Though possessing great energy and shrewdness, Kun was rigid in his communist views and was oblivious to the unpopularity of his policies during his brief rule in Hungary. Despite his organizational talents, he was unable to master the complexities of actual government or the tactics of power struggles within the international communist movement.

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Источник: Kun, Béla

См. также в других словарях:

  • KUN, BÉLA — (1886–1938), communist who was dictator of Hungary for a short period in 1919. Born in Szilagycseh, Kun joined the Social Democratic Party when only 16 and became secretary of the Workers Sick Fund in Klausenburg. He fought in the Austro… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Kun, Béla — Kun (ko͞on), Béla. 1886 1939?. Hungarian politician who founded the Hungarian Communist Party (1918) and organized the revolution in Budapest (1919). He briefly served as premier but fled the country during a counterrevolution (1919). * * * ▪… …   Universalium

  • Kun Béla — born Feb. 20, 1886, Szilágycseh, Transylvania, Austria Hungary died Nov. 30, 1939?, U.S.S.R. Hungarian communist leader. He fought in the Austrian army in World War I, was captured by the Russians, and became a Bolshevik. After returning to… …   Universalium

  • Kun, Bela — (1886–1939)    Bela Kun was a Hungarian communist leader who was active in the Bolshevik Party before becoming a victim of Josef Stalin’s purges. Born in Transylvania in 1886 Kun’s career in radical politics began as a journalist for a radical… …   Historical dictionary of Marxism

  • Kun, Béla — (1886–1939)    Communist dictator of Hungary in 1919. Kun came from a middle class Jewish family and joined the Social Democratic Party when he was sixteen. He was a prisoner of war in Russia at the time of the revolution and immediately joined… …   Who’s Who in Jewish History after the period of the Old Testament

  • Kun, Bela — ► (1886 1939) Político Comunista húngaro. Después de la Primera Guerra Mundial fundó el Partido Comunista húngaro y organizó la revolución comunista de 1919. Proclamó la dictadura del proletariado, imponiendo una doctrina de principios rígidos y… …   Enciclopedia Universal

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