Книга: Froebel Friedrich «Friedrich Froebel's Education by development»

Friedrich Froebel's Education by development

Серия: "-"

Книга представляет собой репринтное издание. Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по восстановлению первоначального качества издания, на некоторых страницах могут обнаружиться небольшие "огрехи" :помарки, кляксы и т. п.

Издательство: "Книга по Требованию" (2010)

Купить за 1315 руб в My-shop

Другие книги автора:

КнигаОписаниеГодЦенаТип книги
Froebel's chief writings on educationКнига представляет собой репринтное издание. Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по… — Книга по Требованию, - Подробнее...20111310бумажная книга
The Mottoes and Commentaries of Friedrich Froebel's Mother PlayКнига представляет собой репринтное издание. Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по… — Книга по Требованию, - Подробнее...20111315бумажная книга
The student's Froebel adapted from Die erziehung der menschheit of F. FroebelКнига представляет собой репринтное издание. Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по… — Книга по Требованию, - Подробнее...2010680бумажная книга
Autobiography of Friedrich FroebelКнига представляет собой репринтное издание. Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по… — Книга по Требованию, - Подробнее...2010687бумажная книга
Autobiography of Friedrich FroebelКнига представляет собой репринтное издание. Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по… — Книга по Требованию, - Подробнее...2010689бумажная книга
Friedrich Froebel's Pedagogics of the KindergartenКнига представляет собой репринтное издание. Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по… — Книга по Требованию, - Подробнее...20101315бумажная книга
The Education of ManКнига представляет собой репринтное издание. Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по… — Книга по Требованию, - Подробнее...20101311бумажная книга
Froebel LettersКнига представляет собой репринтное издание. Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по… — Книга по Требованию, - Подробнее...20101314бумажная книга
The Student'S Froebel Adapted from Die Erziehung Der Menschheit of F. Froebel, Volume 2Книга представляет собой репринтное издание. Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по… — Книга по Требованию, - Подробнее...2010680бумажная книга

Froebel, Friedrich

▪ German educator
Froebel also spelled  Fröbel , in full  Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel 
born April 21, 1782, Oberweissbach, Thuringia, Ernestine Saxony [now in Germany]
died June 21, 1852, Marienthal, near Bad Liebenstein, Thuringia

      German educator who was founder of the kindergarten and one of the most influential educational reformers of (education, philosophy of) the 19th century.

      Froebel was the fifth child in a clergyman's family. His mother died when he was only nine months old, and he was neglected as a child until an uncle gave him a home and sent him to school. Froebel acquired a thorough knowledge of plants and natural phenomena while at the same time beginning the study of mathematics and languages. After apprenticeship to a forester, he pursued some informal university courses at Jena until he was jailed for an unpaid debt. He tried various kinds of employment until he impulsively took a teaching appointment at a progressive model school in Frankfurt run by Anton Gruner on lines advocated by the Swiss educator Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich). Froebel became convinced of his vocation as a teacher at the school.

      After two years as assistant to Gruner, Froebel went to Yverdon, Switz., where he came into close contact with Pestalozzi. Though he learned much at Yverdon, he quickly discovered the weakness of organization that characterized Pestalozzi's work. In 1811 Froebel entered the University of Göttingen, where military service in the Napoleonic Wars soon interrupted his studies. During the campaign of 1813 he formed a lasting friendship with H. Langenthal and W. Middendorff, who became his devoted followers and who joined him at a school he opened at Griesheim in Thuringia in 1816. Two years later the school moved to Keilhau, also in Thuringia, and it was there that Froebel put into practice his educational theories. He and his friends and their wives became a kind of educational community, and the school expanded into a flourishing institution. During this time Froebel wrote numerous articles and in 1826 published his most important treatise, Menschenerziehung (The Education of Man), a philosophical presentation of principles and methods pursued at Keilhau.

      In 1831 Froebel left Keilhau to his partner and accepted the Swiss government's invitation to train elementary school teachers. His experiences at Keilhau and as head of a new orphan asylum at Burgdorf in Switzerland impressed him with the importance of the early stages of education. On returning to Keilhau in 1837 he opened an infant school in Blankenburg, Prussia, that he originally called the Child Nurture and Activity Institute, and which by happy inspiration he later renamed the Kindergarten, or “garden of children.” He also started a publishing firm for play and other educational materials, including a collection of Mother-Play and Nursery Songs, with lengthy explanations of their meaning and use. This immensely popular book was translated into many foreign languages. Froebel insisted that improvement of infant education was a vital preliminary to comprehensive educational and social reform. His experiments at the Kindergarten attracted widespread interest, and other kindergartens were started. Unfortunately, because of a confusion with the socialist views of Froebel's nephew, the Prussian government proscribed the kindergarten movement in 1851. The ban was not removed until after 1860, several years after Froebel's death in 1852.

      One of Froebel's most enthusiastic disciples, the Baroness of Marenholtz-Bülow, was largely responsible for bringing his ideas to the notice of educators in England, France, and The Netherlands. Later they were introduced into other countries, including the United States, where the Froebelian (Froebelism) movement achieved its greatest success. There John Dewey adopted Froebel's principles in his experimental school at the University of Chicago. Kindergartens were established throughout Europe and North America and became a standard educational institution for children of four to six years of age.

      Froebel was influenced by the outstanding German idealist philosophers of his time and by Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Pestalozzi. He was a sincerely religious man who, because of his belief in the underlying unity of all things, tended toward pantheism and has been called a nature mystic. His most important contribution to educational theory was his belief in “self-activity” and play as essential factors in child education. The teacher's role was not to drill or indoctrinate the children but rather to encourage their self-expression through play, both individually and in group activities. Froebel devised circles, spheres, and other toys—all of which he referred to as “gifts” or “occupations”—that were designed to stimulate learning through play activities accompanied by songs and music. Modern educational techniques in kindergarten and preschool are much indebted to him.

Stanley James Curtis Ed.

Additional Reading
Irene M. Lilley, Friedrich Froebel: A Selection from His Writings (1967), emphasizes aspects of Froebel's life often neglected in other studies. William H. Kilpatrick, Froebel's Kindergarten Principles Critically Examined (1916), is a penetrating analysis. Robert B. Downs, Friedrich Froebel (1978), provides a thorough summary of Froebel's life and recounts the spread of his ideas throughout the world.

* * *

Источник: Froebel, Friedrich

См. также в других словарях:

  • Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel — (also written Fröbel) (April 21, 1782 ndash; June 21, 1852) laid the foundation for modern education based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. Biography Friedrich Froebel was born at Oberweissbach in the… …   Wikipedia

  • education — /ej oo kay sheuhn/, n. 1. the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. 2. the act or process of… …   Universalium

  • EDUCATION — The Jewish people has an educational tradition as old as history (see Education, Jewish ). From the very beginning of their identification as a distinct entity, Jews have contributed not only to the advancement of their own education, but also to …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • preschool education — Childhood education during the period from infancy to age five or six. Institutions for preschool education vary widely around the world, as do their names (e.g., infant school, day care, maternal school, nursery school, crèche, kindergarten).… …   Universalium

  • teacher education — Introduction       any of the formal programs that have been established for the preparation of teachers (higher education) at the elementary and secondary school levels.       While arrangements of one kind or another for the education of the… …   Universalium

  • Holistic education — is a philosophy of education based on the premise that each person finds identity, meaning, and purpose in life through connections to the community, to the natural world, and to spiritual values such as compassion and peace. Holistic education… …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»