Книга: Miranda Francisco de «Original correspondence between Generals Dumourier, Miranda, Pache and Beurnonville, ministers of war, since January, 1793..»

Original correspondence between Generals Dumourier, Miranda, Pache and Beurnonville, ministers of war, since January, 1793..

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Книга представляет собой репринтное издание. Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по восстановлению первоначального качества издания, на некоторых страницах могут обнаружиться небольшие "огрехи" :помарки, кляксы и т. п.

Издательство: "Книга по Требованию" (2011)

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Miranda, Francisco de

born March 28, 1750, Caracas
died July 14, 1816, Cádiz, Spain

Venezuelan revolutionary who helped pave the way for his country's independence.

He joined the Spanish army but fled to the U.S. in 1783, where he met leaders of the American Revolution and formed plans for the liberation of South America, which he envisioned ruled by an Incan emperor and a bicameral legislature. He launched an unsuccessful invasion of Venezuela in 1806 and returned at the request of Simón Bolívar to fight again in 1810. He assumed dictatorial powers in 1811 when independence was declared but succumbed to a Spanish counterattack and signed an armistice. Fellow revolutionaries, viewing his surrender as traitorous, thwarted his attempt to escape. He died in a Spanish prison cell.

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▪ Venezuelan revolutionary
born March 28, 1750, Caracas, Venez.
died July 14, 1816, Cádiz, Spain

      Venezuelan revolutionary who helped to pave the way for independence in Latin America. His own plan for the liberation of Spain's American colonies with the help of the European powers failed, but he remains known as El Precursor—i.e., “the forerunner” of Bolívar and other more effective revolutionaries.

      Educated in Caracas, Miranda purchased a captaincy in the Spanish army at the age of 22. He was imprisoned for disobedience but was released in 1780 and sent to Cuba to fight against Great Britain. There he was accused of misuse of funds. Protesting his innocence, he fled to the United States in 1783.

      There he met many of the leaders of the American Revolution and formed his plans for the liberation of South and Central America from Spanish domination. Hounded by Spanish agents, he fled to London, where he tried to enlist the aid of Prime Minister William Pitt (Pitt, William, The Younger) in his plan of revolution. Pitt, realizing that Spain would eventually lose its grip on its American colonies, thought that Miranda was useful for Britain's purposes and provided him with limited support and protection. Miranda envisioned an independent empire, stretching from the Mississippi to Cape Horn, under the leadership of a hereditary emperor from the Incan royal family and with a legislature of two houses.

      The French Revolution delayed Miranda's plans for a few years. He served as a French Revolutionary general and was jailed for suspected treason and then acquitted. Returning once again to London, he became the leader of all the exiled plotters against Spain. With volunteers gathered from the United States, he embarked on an invasion of Venezuela in 1806, but he was forced to turn back when Venezuelans failed to rally to his side. In 1810 he met Simón Bolívar (Bolívar, Simón), who was in London attempting to get British support for the revolution that had finally begun in South America. Bolívar persuaded Miranda to return to Venezuela, where he was made a general in the revolutionary army. When the country formally declared independence on July 5, 1811, he assumed dictatorial powers.

      The Spanish forces counterattacked, and Miranda, fearing a brutal and hopeless defeat, signed an armistice with them in July 1812 at San Mateo. The other revolutionary leaders, including Bolívar, believed his surrender was treasonable and thwarted Miranda's attempt to escape; they allowed him to be handed over to the Spanish. Transported in chains to Cádiz, he eventually died in his prison cell.

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Источник: Miranda, Francisco de

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Miranda Francisco deOriginal correspondence between Generals Dumourier, Miranda, Pache and Beurnonville, ministers of war, since January, 1793..Книга представляет собой репринтное издание. Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по… — Книга по Требованию, - Подробнее...2011
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См. также в других словарях:

  • Miranda, Francisco de — (1750–1816)    A Venezuelan revolutionary known as “the Precursor” of Spanish American independence who took part in three great political events: The American Revolution, the French Revolution, and the South American wars of emancipation from… …   Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914

  • Miranda, Francisco de — born March 28, 1750, Caracas died July 14, 1816, Cádiz, Spain Venezuelan revolutionary who helped pave the way for his country s independence. He joined the Spanish army but fled to the U.S. in 1783, where he met leaders of the American… …   Universalium

  • Miranda, Francisco de — (28 mar. 1750, Caracas–14 jul, 1816, Cádiz, España). Revolucionario venezolano que ayudó a preparar el camino para la independencia de su país. Formó parte del ejército español, pero huyó a EE.UU. en 1783, donde conoció a algunos líderes de la… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Francisco De Miranda — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Miranda. Francisco de Miranda Naissance …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Francisco de miranda — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Miranda. Francisco de Miranda Naissance …   Wikipédia en Français

  • MIRANDA (F. de SÁ de) — MIRANDA FRANCISCO DE SÁ DE (1481? 1558) Poète et dramaturge portugais, Francisco de Sá de Miranda eut une grande influence sur l’évolution de la littérature au Portugal au XVIe siècle. En l’absence de documents authentiques, la vie de ce… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

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