Книга: Arthur Schuster «An Introduction To The Theory Of Optics»
Серия: "-" Книга представляет собой репринтное издание 1909 года (издательство "London, E. Arnold" ). Несмотря на то, что была проведена серьезная работа по восстановлению первоначального качества издания, на некоторых страницах могут обнаружиться небольшие" огрехи" :помарки, кляксы и т. п. Издательство: "Книга по Требованию" (1909)
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Arthur Schuster
Sir Franz Arthur Friedrich Schuster FRS (
Early life and education
Arthur Schuster was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany into a family of merchants and bankers. Following their marriage in 1849, his parents had converted from Judaism to Christianity and their children were brought up in that faith. In 1869, his father moved to Manchester where the family textile business was based. Arthur, who had been to school in Frankfurt and was studying in
From his childhood, Schuster had been interested in science and after working for a year for Schuster Brothers he persuaded his father to let him study at Owens College. He studied mathematics under Thomas Barker and physics under
After a further period of study in Germany with
Career
On his return to Manchester, he began research on electricity and then went on to spend five years at the
Schuster is perhaps most widely remembered for his periodogram analysis, a technique which was long the main practical tool for identifying statistically important frequencies present in a time series of observations. He first used this form of harmonic analysis in 1897 to disprove C. G. Knott's claim of periodicity in earthquake occurrences. He went on to apply the technique to analysing
Schuster is credited by
Following the outbreak of
Sir Arthur Schuster was regarded by his contemporaries as a mathematical physicist of exceptional ability but also as a capable administrator and teacher, and an advocate for the role of science in education and industry.
Honours and awards
Schuster was elected to the
Schuster served as secretary of the Royal Society and was elected vice-president (1919–20) and foreign secretary (1920–24). He also served as secretary of the
Footnotes
Further reading
* Beginning in 1871 Schuster contributed many articles to the Royal Society journals. These articles are available online at
* Arthur Schuster "Biographical Fragments" London; Macmillan (1932). - An attractive collection of reminiscences about Schuster's education and his expeditions with recollections of the scientists he knew.
*
* Richard J. Howarth, ‘Schuster, Sir Arthur (1851-1934)’, "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, 2004. Accessed
External links
*Arthur Schuster, "On Lunar and Solar Periodicities of Earthquakes ", [http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/Visualiseur?Destination=Gallica&O=NUMM-56154 "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London", Vol. 61 (1897)] , pp. 455–465 - Schuster's first paper on the use of the technique he later called the periodogram
* Arthur Schuster, "On the Periodicities of Sunspots", [http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/Visualiseur?Destination=Gallica&O=NUMM-56011 "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A", Vol. 206. (1906)] , pp. 69-100. - Schuster's later paper on sunspots
* Schuster's [http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqSearch=RefNo='EC/1879/19'&dsqDb=Catalog Royal Society citation] signed my Maxwell, Joule, and others
* Obituary in [http://www.jstor.org/view/1479571x/ap030004/03a00060/0 "Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society"]
* [http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1935MNRAS..95R.326. Obituary Notices : Fellows:- Schuster, Sir Arthur, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 95, p.326]
* There is a photograph of Schuster at the [http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?
] and many more (as well as the X ray photographs he took) at [http://medphoto.wellcome.ac.uk/ Wellcome Images] .
* The story of Schuster and the medical use of X-rays is told at [http://www.lancashirepioneers.com/schuster/pioneer.asp Sir Arthur Schuster A pioneer in the use of X-Rays]
* The position of Schuster at the Cavendish is described in [http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/cavendish/history/years/firstten/ Cavendish Laboratory: the First Ten Years]
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