Книга: Fyodor Dostoevsky «Memoirs from the House of the Dead»
Серия: "Oxford World's Classics" In this almost documentary account of his own experiences of penal servitude in Serbia, Dostoevsky describes the physical and mental suffering of the convicts, the squalor and the degradation, in relentless detail. The inticate procedure whereby the men strip for the bath without removing their ten-pound leg-fetters is an extraordinary tour de force, compared by Turgenev to passages from Dante's Inferno. Terror and resignation - the rampages of a pyschopath, the brief serence interlude of Christmas Day - are evoked by Dostoevsky, writing several years after his release, with a strikingly uncharacteristic detachment. For this reason, House of the Dead is certainly the least Dostoevskian of his works, yet, paradoxically, it ranks among his great masterpieces. Издательство: "Oxford University Press" (2008)
ISBN: 978-0-19-954051-8 |
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Fyodor Dostoevsky
Infobox Writer
name = Fyodor Dostoevsky
birthdate = birth date|1821|10|30|mf=y
birthplace =
deathdate = Death date and age|1881|1|28|1821|11|11
deathplace =
occupation =
nationality =
period=
genre=
subject=
movement=
notableworks= "
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spouse=
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influences= Writers:
Philosophers:
influenced =
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky ( _ru. Фёдор Миха́йлович Достое́вский, IPA-ru|ˈfʲodər mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ dəstɐˈjɛfskʲɪj, sometimes transliterated Dostoyevsky, Dostoievsky, Dostojevskij, Dostoevski or Dostoevskii Audio|ru-Dostoevsky.ogg|listen) (OldStyleDate|November 11|1821|October 30 – OldStyleDate|February 9|1881|January 28) was a Russian
Dostoevsky's literary output explores human
Biography
Family origins
Dostoevsky was Russian on his mother's side. His paternal ancestors were from a place called Dostoyeve, natives of the guberniya (province) of
last=Dostoyevsky
first=Aimée
title=FYODOR DOSTOYEVSKY: A STUDY
place=Honolulu, HAWAII
publisher= [http://www.universitypressofthepacific.com/ University Press of the Pacific]
year=2001
url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/61397936
isbn=0898751659
pages=1, 6-7]
Early life
Dostoevsky was the second of seven children born to Mikhail and Maria Dostoevsky. Dostoevsky's father Mikhail was a retired military surgeon and a violent
There are many stories of Dostoevsky's father's despotic treatment of his children. After returning home from work, he would take a nap while his children, ordered to keep absolutely silent, stood by their slumbering father in shifts and swatted at any flies that came near his head. However, it is the opinion of Joseph Frank, a biographer of Dostoevsky, that the father figure in "
Shortly after his mother died of
Dostoevsky had
At the
Beginnings of a literary career
Dostoevsky was made a
In 1846, Belinsky and many others reacted negatively to his novella, "", a psychological study of a bureaucrat whose alter ego overtakes his life. Dostoevsky's fame began to cool. Much of his work after "
Exile in Siberia
Dostoevsky was arrested and imprisoned on
He was released from prison in 1854, and was required to serve in the
Post-prison maturation as writer
Dostoevsky's experiences in prison and the army resulted in major changes in his political and religious convictions. Firstly, his ordeal somehow caused him to become disillusioned with 'Western' ideas; he repudiated the contemporary Western
Dostoevsky now displayed a much more critical stance on contemporary European philosophy and turned with intellectual rigour against the Nihilist and Socialist movements; and much of his post-prison work -- particularly the novel, "The Possessed" and the essays, "The Diary of a Writer" -- contains both criticism of socialist and nihilist ideas, as well as thinly-veiled parodies of contemporary Western-influenced Russian intellectuals (
Dostoevsky's post-prison fiction abandoned the European-style domestic melodramas and quaint character studies of his youthful work in favor of dark, more complex story-lines and situations, played-out by brooding, tortured characters -- often styled partly on Dostoevsky himself -- who agonized over existential themes of spiritual torment, religious awakening, and the psychological confusion caused by the conflict between traditional Russian culture and the influx of modern, Western philosophy. This, nonetheless, does not take from the debt which Dostoevsky owed to the earlier (Western influenced within Russia
Later literary career
In December 1859, Dostoevsky returned to
Dostoevsky was devastated by his wife's death in 1864, which was followed shortly thereafter by his brother's death. He was financially crippled by business debts and the need to provide for his wife's son from her earlier marriage and his brother's widow and children. Dostoevsky sank into a deep depression, frequenting gambling parlors and accumulating massive losses at the tables.
Dostoevsky suffered from an acute gambling compulsion as well as from its consequences. By one account "Crime and Punishment", possibly his best known novel, was completed in a mad hurry because Dostoevsky was in urgent need of an advance from his publisher. He had been left practically penniless after a gambling spree. Dostoevsky wrote "The Gambler" simultaneously in order to satisfy an agreement with his publisher
Dostoevsky is also known to have influenced and been influenced by the philosopher
In 1877, Dostoevsky gave the keynote
In his later years, Fyodor Dostoevsky lived for a long time at the resort of
Works and influence
Dostoevsky's influence has been acclaimed by a wide variety of writers, including
In a book of interviews with Arthur Power ("Conversations with James Joyce"),
In her essay "The Russian Point of View",
Dostoevsky displayed a nuanced understanding of human psychology in his major works. He created an opus of vitality and almost hypnotic power, characterized by feverishly dramatized scenes where his characters are, frequently in scandalous and explosive atmosphere, passionately engaged in
His characters fall into a few distinct categories: humble and self-effacing Christians (
Dostoevsky's novels are compressed in time (many cover only a few days) and this enables the author to get rid of one of the dominant traits of realist prose, the corrosion of human life in the process of the time flux — his characters primarily embody spiritual values, and these are, by definition, timeless. Other obsessive themes include
Dostoevsky and the other giant of late 19th century
Dostoevsky has also been noted as having expressed anti-Semitic sentiments. In the recent biography by Joseph Frank, "The Mantle of the Prophet," Frank spent much time on "A Writer's Diary" - a regular column which Dostoevsky wrote in the periodical "The Citizen" from 1873 to the year before his death in 1881. Frank notes that the Diary is "filled with politics, literary criticism, and pan-Slav diatribes about the virtues of the Russian Empire, [and] represents a major challenge to the Dostoevsky fan, not least on account of its frequent expressions of anti-Semitism." ["Dostoevsky's leap of faith This volume concludes a magnificent biography which is also a cultural history." Orlando Figes. SUNDAY TELEGRAPH (LONDON). Pg. 13. September 29, 2002.] Frank, in his foreword that he wrote for the book "Dostoevsky and the Jews", attempts to place Dostoevsky as a product of his time. Frank notes that Dostoevsky "did" make anti-semitic remarks, but that Dostoevsky's writing and stance by and large was one where Dostoevsky held a great deal of guilt for his comments and positions that were anti-semitic. [Dostoevsky and the Jews (University of Texas Press Slavic series) (Hardcover) 2 Joseph Frank, "Foreword" pg. xiv. by David I. Goldstein ISBN-10: 0292715285] Steven Cassedy, for example, alleges in his book, "Dostoevsky's Religion", that much of the points made that depict Dostoevsky’s views as an anti-Semite, do so by denying that Dostoevsky expressed support for the equal rights of and for the Russian Jewish population, a position that was not widely supported in Russia at the time.cite book |title= Dostoevsky's Religion |last= Cassedy |first= Steven |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 2005 |publisher= Dostoevsky and Existentialism With the publication of " Novels * " hort stories * "Mr. Prokharchin" (1846) Non-fiction * "Winter Notes on Summer Impressions" (1863) ee also * References External links * [http://www.FyodorDostoevsky.com FyodorDostoevsky.com] - The definitive Dostoevsky fan site: discussion forum, essays, e-texts, photos, biography, quotes, and links. Persondata Источник: Fyodor Dostoevsky
* "" (Двойник. Петербургская поэма ) (1846)
* "Netochka Nezvanova" (Неточка Незванова) (1849)
* "
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* "The House of the Dead" (Записки из мертвого дома) (1862)
* "
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* "The Gambler" (Игрок) (1867)
* "The Idiot" (Идиот) (1869)
* "
* "The Possessed" (Бесы) (1872)
* "
* "
* "Novel in Nine Letters" (1847)
* "Polzunkov" (1847)
* "The Landlady" (1847)
* "The Jealous Husband" (1848)
* "White Nights" ("Белые ночи") (1848)
* "
* "
* "
* "
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* The Uncle's Dream (1859)
* "
* "The Crocodile" (1865)
* "Bobok" (1873)
* "
* "The Heavanly Christmas Tree" (1876)
* "
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* Voluntarism
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* [http://www.kevinrkosar.com/conference-journal-aut-1998.pdf Article on Notes from the Underground] "Love and the Underground Man," Conference Journal, Aut. 1998.
* [http://www.fedordostoievsky.com/ingles/ingles1.htm FedorDostoievsky.com] - Dostoevsky fan site
* [http://Dostoyevsky.thefreelibrary.com/ Fyodor Dostoevsky's brief biography and works]
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* [http://digital.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/search?author=Dostoyevsky%2c+ Selected Dostoevsky e-texts from Penn Librarys digital library project]
* [http://www.asiaing.com/the-gospel-in-dostoyevsky-selections-from-his-works.html The Gospel in Dostoyevsky: Selections from His Works]
* [http://librivox.org/notes-from-the-underground-by-fyodor-dostoyevsky/ Free audiobook] of "
* [http://ilibrary.ru/author/dostoevski/ Full texts of some Dostoevsky's works in the original Russian]
* [http://www.magister.msk.ru/library/dostoevs/ Another site with full texts of Dostoevsky's works in Russian]
* [http://www.fmdostoyevsky.com Fyodor Dostoyevsky] - Biography, ebooks, quotations, and other resources
* "Crime and Punishment," Fyodor Dostoevsky, translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky. Vintage Classics, 1992, New York.
* "Crime and Punishment," Fyodor Dostoevsky, translated by Constance Garnett, introduction by Joseph Frank. Bantam Books, 1987, New York.
* [http://www.kiosek.com/dostoevsky/contents.html Dostoevsky Research Station]
* [http://people.emich.edu/wmoss/publications/ ALEXANDER II AND HIS TIMES: A Narrative History of Russia in the Age of Alexander II, Tolstoy, and Dostoevsky]
* "Dostoevsky," Joseph Frank. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1979-2003 (5 volumes).
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* [http://www.the-ledge.com/flash/ledge.php?book=75&lan=UK Dostoyevsky 'Bookweb' on literary website The Ledge, with suggestions for further reading.]
* [http://fyodordostoevskychronicle.blogspot.com Fyodor Dostoevsky Chronicle] by Erik Lindgren
* [http://www.helium.com/tm/437407/fyodor-mikhailovich-dostoyevsky-before Fyodor Dostoevsky Biography] by Iolo Savill
*worldcat id|id=lccn-n79-29930
* [http://www.mootnotes.com/literature/dostoevsky/index.html Dostoevsky works (HTML/PDF), media gallery & interactive timeline]
NAME= Dostoevsky, Fyodor Mikhailovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Mikhailovich; Фёдор Миха́йлович Достое́вский (Russian)
SHORT DESCRIPTION= Russian novelist
DATE OF BIRTH= birth date|1821|11|11|mf=y
PLACE OF BIRTH= Moscow
DATE OF DEATH= death date|1881|2|9|mf=y
PLACE OF DEATH= Saint Petersburg
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