Книга: Mark Foley, Diane Hall «MyGrammarLab: Intermediate B1/B2 (аудиокурс на 4 CD)»

Mark Adam Foley (born September 8, 1954) is a former member of the United States House of Representatives. He served from 1995 until 2006, representing the 16th District of Florida as a member of the Republican Party.

Foley resigned from Congress on September 29, 2006 acting on a request by the Republican Leadership after allegations surfaced that he had sent suggestive emails and sexually explicit instant messages^[1] to underage males who had formerly served and were at that time serving as Congressional pages.^[2][3] As a result of the disclosures, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Florida Department of Law Enforcement conducted investigations of the messages to find possible criminal charges.^[4] Each ended with no criminal finding. In the case of the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, the “FDLE conducted as thorough and comprehensive investigation as possible considering Congress and Mr. Foley denied us access to critical data,” said FDLE Commissioner Gerald Bailey with the closure of the case.^[5] The House Ethics Committee also conducted an investigation into the response of the House Republican leadership and their staff to possible earlier warnings of Foley's conduct.^[6]

Congressional career

Early House career

Foley was elected to the U.S. House in 1994 with 58 percent of the vote, defeating Democrat John Comerford. He was re-elected in 1996 with 64 percent of the vote against Democrat Jim Stuber and again in 1998 (this time without opposition). He was re-elected in 2000 with 60 percent of the vote against Democrat Jean Elliott Brown and Reform Party candidate John McGuire. Constitution Party candidate Jack McLain was his only opponent in 2002. He was re-elected in 2002 with 79 percent of the vote and in 2004 with 68 percent of the vote.

Foley was a moderate Republican. He spent most of his tenure in Congress as a member of the powerful House Ways and Means Committee. He was also the first public figure to imply that Vice President Al Gore claimed to have invented the Internet. On March 12, 1999 Reuters reported Foley as saying, "The Vice President is mistaken. The only thing he has ever invented is another tax. He did not invent the Internet but he sure did tax it."^[7]

In late 2000, Foley played a large role in aiding George W. Bush during the Presidential election recount controversy in Florida.^[8]

In 2006, Foley was a member of the Republican House leadership, serving as deputy whip.^[9]

Senate campaigns

In 2003, Foley was widely considered the Republican front runner for Bob Graham's Senate seat, especially after Graham had announced his retirement. However, longstanding rumors surfaced that Foley was either a homosexual or bisexual and was in a long-term relationship with a homosexual. The story was initially published only in local and gay press;^[10][11] then the New Times broke the story in the mainstream press. Other alternative press rivals, including the New York Press,^[12] then addressed the topic. Foley held a press conference to denounce the “revolting” rumors and stated that his sexual orientation was unimportant, but did not specifically deny the rumors. A few weeks later, he withdrew his candidacy, saying his father's battle with cancer had caused him to reassess his perspective on life (the seat was later won by Republican Mel Martinez). Foley had raised $3 million in campaign contributions before withdrawing.^[13]

In 2006, as Republican division over the candidacy of Katherine Harris grew, Foley's name was mentioned as a contender for the race against Democratic Senator Bill Nelson, but he did not file by the May deadline.^{[citation needed]}

Actions in Congress

Legislation regarding pornography and sexual offenses

In the House, Foley was one of the foremost opponents of child pornography. Foley had served as chairman of the House Caucus on Missing and Exploited Children. He introduced a bill, coined the "Child Modeling Exploitation Prevention Act of 2002" to outlaw web sites featuring sexually suggestive images of preteen children, saying that “these websites are nothing more than a fix for pedophiles.” As it was written, the bill would have prohibited commercial photography of children and it failed due to the unmanageable burden it would have presented to the legitimate entertainment industry.^[14][15] In June 2003 he wrote letters to the governor and attorney general of Florida, asking them to review the legality of a program for teenagers of a Lake Como nudist resort in Land o’ Lakes, Florida.^[16]

Foley's legislation to change federal sex offender laws was supported by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, America's Most Wanted host John Walsh and a number of victims' rights groups. President Bush signed it into law as part of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006.

Foley also succeeded in getting a law passed that allows volunteer youth-serving organizations like the Boy Scouts of America and Boys and Girls Clubs to have access to FBI fingerprint background checks.

LGBT rights issues

Foley's voting record on LGBT-rights issues was cited in Newsweek magazine as being an example of a homosexual politician whose policies were "anti-homosexual and -lesbian".^[17] However, the Human Rights Campaign, a LGBT-rights organization, did donate money to his re-election campaigns^[18] and he was endorsed by the Log Cabin Republicans in 2000.^[19]

In Congress, Foley did vote against a proposed Constitutional Amendment to ban legal recognition of homosexual and lesbian marriages as well as another bill that would have banned homosexuals and lesbians from adopting in Washington D.C.^[19] On this and other social issues, his views often seemed to be that of a moderate.

Other social issues

Foley's stances on many social issues differ from his party's leadership. Although a Roman Catholic, Foley is a member of The Republican Majority For Choice.^[20] He has, however, advocated alternatives such as adoption and sexual abstinence. He also supports the Patriot Act, the death penalty and strict sentencing for hate crimes.^[21] Foley was a member of Christine Todd Whitman's It's My Party Too and the Republican Main Street Partnership. According to the National Journal's calculations, in 2005, Foley's voting record on social policy issues was moderate.^[22]

Other domestic issues

Foley helped secure the first-ever financial commitment from Congress for the preservation of Florida's everglades.^[23]

Foley helped pass legislation that expedites the deportation of non-violent criminal aliens serving their sentences in federal prisons;^[24] and helped eliminate federal prohibitions on notifying a campus community when a student commits a violent crime.^[25]

Foley worked to pass legislation to help surviving heirs of Holocaust victims who have been unable to collect on life insurance policies owed to them.^[26][27]

Resignation from the U.S. Congress

On September 28, 2006 ABC News Chief Investigative Correspondent Brian Ross reported that in 2005, Foley had sent email messages from his personal AOL account to a former Congressional page, asking the page to send a photo of himself to Foley, among other things.^[28] Foley's office confirmed that Foley had sent the messages but said it has a practice of asking for photos of individuals who may ask for recommendations and that the page had requested a recommendation.

The original news report prompted another page to come forward and on September 29, 2006 ABC News reported that it had seen excerpts of sexually explicit instant messages allegedly sent by Foley.^[29] The instant messages made repeated references to sexual organs and acts.

Kirk Fordham, Chief of Staff to Tom Reynolds and former Chief of Staff to Foley, said that he was with Foley on September 29, 2006 when ABC confronted him with the explicit messages before they were publicized.^[30] Fordham then visited GOP headquarters to inform Reynolds and Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert; he returned with a one-sentence resignation letter that Foley signed. Hastert and Reynolds let it be known that if Foley didn't resign, he would be expelled from the House. That same day, Foley tendered his resignation to Hastert as well as Florida Governor Jeb Bush.^[31][32] Foley said in a statement, “I am deeply sorry and I apologize for letting down my family and the people of Florida I have had the privilege to represent.”^[33][34] Once the news report became more widely known, Foley's chances of retaining his seat in Congress were limited. Hastert said in an October 2 press conference that he would have demanded Foley's expulsion from the House had he tried to stay in office.^[35] Even if he'd tried to get his seat back, polls showed him losing badly to his Democratic opponent, Tim Mahoney.

More pages came forward, alleging a history of inappropriate conduct by Foley dating back at least 10 years. Foley had been warned about the matter in 2005 by another House Republican and the House Clerk. Through his lawyer, Foley insisted he was not a pedophile and asserted that he had not "had contact" with a minor. This implied that though he did not sexually assault any male interns, he did not explicitly deny sending them solicitous and sexually overt text-messages; thus sidestepping the question of whether he should have apologized (in public or in private) to the interns who had complained about him. Foley also explained that he had a drinking problem and had made the communications while intoxicated. He checked himself into a rehab clinic on October 2, 2006.^[36] His lawyer also revealed that Foley was molested by a clergyman when he was between the ages of 13 and 15 adding that “Mark Foley wants you to know he is a homosexual.”^[37] Federal authorities said the explicit messages could result in Foley's prosecution, under some of the same laws he helped to enact.^[38]

There was widespread criticism of Republican leaders for their response to earlier warnings and inconsistencies in their statements. In particular, many called for Hastert to resign, including some conservative voices such as the editorial page of The Washington Times.^[39]

On October 19, 2006 the Sarasota Herald-Tribune stated that a Catholic priest named Anthony Mercieca told the newspaper about an intimate two-year relationship he had with Foley when the congressman was a teenage altar boy living in Lake Worth, Florida.^[40] The priest is retired and living in Malta. He acknowledged getting naked in saunas and possible "light touching", but denied contact of a sexual nature.^[41]

Florida officials have closed the investigation of Foley, stating they found "insufficient evidence" to file criminal charges, since the page was over the age of 18.^[42]

November 2006 election

Shortly after Foley resigned, the Republican Party of Florida named State Representative Joe Negron to run as the Republican replacement candidate to face Mahoney.^[43] In accordance with Florida election law, Foley's name remained on the ballot.^[44] Votes cast for Foley in the November election counted towards Negron's total.^[45] Mahoney called for a full investigation of Foley's actions.^[46] Foley's district had been held by Republicans since its creation in 1973 (it was the 10th District until 1983 and the 12th District until 1993.) In an effort to use the scandal to his benefit, Negron used the slogan "Punch Foley for Joe!", instructing voters to "punch" Foley's name on the ballot to chastise him and support Negron.^[47][48]

Negron narrowly lost the election to Tim Mahoney. Negron had 47.7 percent and Mahoney had 49.5 percent.^[49] The seat fell back into Republican hands in the 111th congress with the election of Tom Rooney.

Post-Congressional life

After leaving Congress, Foley entered the real estate business in Palm Beach, Florida.^[50] He also admitted to being a homosexual, and as of 2007^[update] was in a relationship with a Palm Beach dermatologist, Layne Nisenbaum.^[51] On September 22, 2009, Foley debuted as host in his own radio show, "Foley on Politics," on Seaview AM 960 in North Palm Beach, Florida.^[52]

Electoral history

See also

• Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
• Ego-dystonic sexual orientation
• House Caucus on Missing and Exploited Children
• National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
• List of federal political sex scandals in the United States
• List of state and local political sex scandals in the United States

References

External links

• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
• List of candidates for the Sixteenth Congressional District of Florida
• Associated Press profile
• List of contributors to Mark Foley's campaigns
• Washington Post profile: "The Open and Closeted Lives of a Gay Congressman" (October 4, 2006)
• New Foley Instant Messages; Had Internet Sex While Awaiting House Vote
• IMs from Rep. Mark Foley
• Rep. Mark Foley on saving children from internet predators
• Anthony Mercieca speaking with the Sarasota Herald Tribune on October 19, 2006, about the inappropriate relations with Mark Foley
• FDLE asks Pelosi for Foley investigation help, gets no response