Книга: James Wilson «Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Bill Vol. 21»
Производитель: "Dictus Publishing" What are the discussions about `Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Bill` in UK political arena? This documentation features the transcripts of the unabridged speeches held in the UK Parliament from the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (Lord Strathclyde), the Advocate-General for Scotland (Lord Wallace of Tankerness), the Lord Speaker (Baroness Hayman) and other MPs` of the UK Parliament. This non-partisan documentation offers the reader a direct glance at the parliamentary debate on `Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Bill` and the discussions of the Parliamentary members in relation to the political agenda. ISBN:9783845469805 Издательство: "Dictus Publishing" (2012)
ISBN: 9783845469805 |
James Wilson
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name = James Wilson
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office = Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court
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birthdate = birth date|1742|9|14|mf=y
birthplace = Carskerdo, near Ceres,
deathdate = death date and age|1798|8|21|1742|9|14|mf=y
deathplace =
spouse =
James Wilson (
One of seven children, Wilson was born to a
Taking up the proto-revolutionary cause in 1774, Wilson published "Considerations on the Nature and Extent of the Legislative Authority of the British Parliament," a pamphlet denying all authority of Parliament over the Colonies. Though considered by scholars on par with the seminal works of
In 1775 he was a Colonel in the
As a member of the
While serving in the Congress Wilson was clearly among the leaders in the formation of Native American policy. "If the positions he held and the frequency with which he appeared on committees concerned with Indian affairs are an index, he was until his departure from Congress in 1777 the most active and influential single delegate in laying down the general outline that governed the relations of Congress with the border tribes.” (James Wilson: Founding Father, Charles Smith Page, 1956, p. 72.)
Wilson also served from June 1776 on the Committee on Spies, along with John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John Rutledge, and Robert Livingston. They together defined treason. (Page, p. 119.)
On
In 1779 Wilson accepted the role of
Wilson's most lasting impact on the country came as member of the Committee of Detail, which produced the first draft of the United States Constitution in 1787 (a year after the death of his wife). He wanted senators and the president to be popularly elected. He also proposed the
Though not in agreement with all parts of the final, necessarily compromised Constitution, Wilson stumped hard for its adoption, leading
He began a series of law lectures at the College of Philadelphia in 1790—only the second at any academic institution in the United States—in which he mostly ignored the practical matters of legal training. Like many of his educated contemporaries, he viewed the academic study of law as a branch of a general cultured education, rather than solely as a prelude to a profession.
Wilson broke off his first course of law-lectures in April 1791 to attend to his duties as Supreme Court justice on circuit. He appears to have begun a second-year course in late 1791 or in early 1792 (by which time the College of Philadelphia had been merged into the
Wilson's final years were marked by failure. He assumed heavy debts investing in land. Of note was the failure in Pennsylvania with
“Tracing over the events of Wilson’s life, we are impressed by the lucid quality of his mind. With this went a restless energy and insatiable ambition, an almost frightening vitality that turned with undiminished energy and enthusiasm to new tasks and new ventures. Yet, when all has been said, the inner man remains, despite our probings, an enigma.” – Charles Page Smith, James Wilson: Founding Father, 1956, p. 393
Thought
In the lectures mentioned above, Wilson, among the first of American legal philosophers, worked through in more detail some of the thinking suggested in the opinions issuing at that time from the Supreme Court. He felt, in fact, compelled to begin by spending some time in arguing out the justification of the appropriateness of his undertaking a course of lecture. But he assures his students that: "When I deliver my sentiments from this chair, they shall be my honest sentiments: when I deliver them from the bench, they shall be nothing more. In both places I shall make ― because I mean to support ― the claim to integrity: in neither shall I make ― because, in neither, can I support ― the claim to infallibility." (First lecture, 1804 Philadelphia ed.)
With this, he raises the most important question of the era: having acted upon revolutionary principles in setting up the new country, "Why should we not teach our children those principles, upon which we ourselves have thought and acted? Ought we to instil into their tender minds a theory, especially if unfounded, which is contradictory to our own practice, built on the most solid foundation? Why should we reduce them to the cruel dilemma of condemning, either those principles which they have been taught to believe, or those persons whom they have been taught to revere?" (First lecture.)
That this is no mere academic question is revealed with a cursory review of any number of early Supreme Court opinions. Perhaps it is best here to quote the opening of Justice Wilson's opinion in "
In order to arrive at an answer to this question, one that would provide the foundation for the United States of America, Wilson knew that legal thinkers had to resolve in their minds clearly the question of the difference between "the principles of the constitutions and governments and laws of the United States, and the republicks, of which they are formed" and the "constitution and government and laws of England." He made it quite clear that he thought the American items to be "materially better." (First lecture.)For more on his thought, see:
References
*"Works of James Wilson" 3 vol (1804) [http://www.constitution.org/jwilson/jwilson.htm online edition]
*"Collected Works of James Wilson", 2 vols. Edited by Kermit L. Hall and Mark David Hall. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund Press, 2007.
*cite book|last=Hall|first=Mark David|title=The Political and Legal Philosophy of James Wilson, 1742-1798|year=1997|publisher=University of Missouri Press|location=Columbia|id=ISBN 0-8262-1103-8
*cite book|last=Read|first=James H.|title=Power Versus Liberty: Madison, Hamilton, Wilson, and Jefferson|year=2000|publisher=University Press of Virginia|location=Charlottesville|id=ISBN 0-8139-1911-8
*cite book|last=Wexler|first=Natalie|title=A More Obedient Wife: A Novel of the Early Supreme Court|year=2007|publisher=Kalorama Press|location=Washington|id=ISBN 0615135161
External links
* [http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/signers/wilson.htm Declaration Signers biography of James Wilson]
* [http://www.law.upenn.edu/sesquicentennial/scrolling/part1b.html Penn Law School biography of James Wilson]
* [http://www.colonialhall.com/wilson/wilson.php Biography by Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856]
* [http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/people/wilson_jas.html Biography and portrait at the University of Pennsylvania]
* [http://www.law.upenn.edu/about/history/photogallery/Insidegallery/wilson.html Portrait at the University of Pennsylvania Law School]
*Find A Grave|id=1682
Источник: James Wilson
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