Книга: Giles Fletcher, Jerome Horsey «Russia at the Close of the Sixteenth Century: Comprising the Treatise Of the Russe Common Wealth by Giles Fletcher, and the Travels of Sir Jerome Horsey; ... Library Collection - Travel and Explorati»
Производитель: "Неизвестный" This volume (published in 1856) contains two narratives about Russia: Of the Russe Common Wealth by Giles Fletcher, Queen Elizabeth`s ambassador to the Russian court in 1588, and a transcription of the manuscript account of the travels of Sir Jerome Horsey, who lived in Russia from 1575 to 1591. ISBN:1108008151 Издательство: "Неизвестный" (2010)
ISBN: 1108008151 |
Giles Fletcher
Giles Fletcher (also known as Giles Fletcher, The Younger) (born 1586?,
Educated at
His principal work has the full title "Christ's Victorie and Triumph, in Heaven, in Earth, over and after Death", and consists of four
Fletcher was the younger son of
External links
*
Источник: Giles Fletcher
Jerome Horsey
Sir Jerome Horsey (born about 1550, died 1626) of Great Kimble Buckinghamshire was an English
He spent much time in Russia over the course of seventeen years, first arriving in 1573 and leaving in 1591. He got to know well many leading people at the Russian Court. He first travelled to
Family background
Jerome was the son of William Horsey, a merchant at
#Elizabeth Hampden whom he married in January 1592, by whom he had 2 sons and 3 daughters. She died in 1607.
#Isabella Brocket whom he married about October 1609.
#Elizabeth North (uncertain - not mentioned in will)
At the court of Ivan IV
Jerome was apprenticed to the Russia Company in 1571, but the latter was prevented from trading in Russia for a period and his first experience was of trading with the Dutch. Initially he went to Russia in May 1573 on the resumption of trade and was an interpreter. On his way to Moscow he was given gold and jewels by the gentry and clergy of
On arriving in Moscow he supposedly rescued
He later boasted of saving a number of German prisoners taken when the colony was supposedly massacred. The merchants of
During his time in Moscow, Jerome seems to have carried out private trading on behalf of members of the English Court, such as Leicester and Walsingham, which was against the rules of the Russia Company. This later caused a dispute with the company, but eventually the problem was resolved by his giving up the property he owned in Moscow, and it was found that they owed him money rather than the other way around.
At the court of Ivan's successors
Jerome seems to have spent considerable time at the Russian Court, being invited by Tsar Ivan into the Treasury and attending the coronation of his successor Tsar Theodore. The Russian Court was very divided. Jerome says that "my most implacable enemy" was
Another friend, whom he seems later to have wanted to marry, was Princess Maria Vladimirovna. Maria first became the wife of Magnus the Dane but after Magnus's death Horsey was asked by Boris to persuade her to return to Russia where she was imprisoned. Jerome later said that this was the worst thing he ever did. However, the marriage with Maria was not allowed as he was a commoner, and she was placed in a nunnery.
In late November 1581 Jerome was asked by Ivan to take letters, hidden in a flask, to Queen Elizabeth. He had to travel overland as the sea was frozen. This journey was very difficult and included being arrested at the Danish island of Oesel, but the wife of the governor happened to be Madelyn van Uxel whom he had saved earlier. Jerome also had to pass through
econd visit to Russia
On arrival in London, Jerome had several meetings with Queen Elizabeth, translating the papers he had carried into English. Horsey returned to Russia with nine ships loaded with cargo, partly supplied by adventurers outside the Russia Company.
He later returned to England with letters from the Tsar asking for help, as the wife of the Tsar was having difficulty conceiving. But this was misunderstood, and Jerome returned with a midwife, which did not go down well at the Russian court. The English at this time also lost favour as it was thought that the Spanish would conquer England. When the Russians learned that the
Jerome again returned to England in 1587, having apparently agreed with Boris Godunov that he would marry Maria on his return. He was then accused of fraud. However, his friends at the English Court stood by him. He was asked to return to Russia in 1591, but the Tsar would not see him and asked Elizabeth never to permit him to come to Russia again. He was accused of being "a well known spy". Boris Godunov arranged for his journey back to England and gave him a large present of money.
Return to England
In 1595 Jerome Horsey was accused of High Treason by Finch, whom he had caused to be sent home from Moscow. It is thought that Finch was put up to this by Sir
Jerome was a Servant of the Russia Company from 1572 to about 1585. He was made an Esquire of the Body to Queen Elizabeth in 1580, was knighted on
References
* Horsey, Jerome : "The ... coronation of Theodore Iuanowich, emperour of Russia" (in Hakuyt R, "The Principal Navigations" Vol 1, 1598).
* Horsey, Jerome : "Extracts out of Sir J H's Observations in seventeene yeares travels and experience in Russia" (in Purchas P , Purchas' "Pilgrimages", 1626).
* Fletcher G : "Russia at the close of the sixteenth century", 1858.
* Berry L E and Crummey R O : "Rude and Barborous Kingdom", 1968.
* Bond : "Russia at the Close of the Sixteenth Century". Hakluyt Society 1856.
* MacKenzie D : "Tsar Ivan and the and the Scots soldiers" (in "Stories of Russian Folk Life", 1916). [http://www.sacred-texts.com]
* MacLeod A : "The Muscovite", 1971.
* [http://www.xs4all.nl/~kvenjb/madmonarchs/ivan4/ivan4_bio.htm Biography of Ivan the Terrible] . Accessed
* Tatiana V. Chumakova. [http://ideashistory.org.ru/almanacs/alm15/chumakov.htm "BRITAIN AND RUSSIAN CULTURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES"] . Accessed
* Olga A. Pilkington, [http://www.bard.org/Education/Shakespeare/winterspring.html "Spring Always Comes after Winter"] , "Insights". Accessed
* [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=5321] , [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=9520] notes in the House of Commons Journal from the period. Accessed
* Richard Hellie, [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/13813 ‘Horsey, Sir Jerome (d. 1626)’] , "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 22 Dec 2006
Источник: Jerome Horsey
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