Книга: Arundhati Roy «Broken Republic»

Broken Republic

Производитель: "Penguin Books Ltd."

There's an India we don't know about. Behind the public image of a country of astonishing growth, with swelling cities and a burgeoning middle class, there's a country at war with itself. For India's poor are being displaced on an industrial scale as companies move into rural areas to plunder their mineral wealth. But with these clearances comes resistance, and in Broken Republic Arundhati Roy provides a stunning snapshot of the conflict between people and industry. Combining brilliant analysis and reportage, Arundhati Roy examines the nature of progress and development in this emerging global superpower, and asks fundamental questions about modern civilization itself. ISBN:978-0-2419-5697-7

Издательство: "Penguin Books Ltd." (2012)

ISBN: 978-0-2419-5697-7

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Arundhati Roy

Arundhati Roy

Arundhati Roy speaking at Harvard University in April 2010.
Born 24 November 1961 (1961-11-24) (age 49)
Shillong, Meghalaya, India
Occupation Novelist, essayist, activist
Nationality Indian
Period 1997–Present
Notable work(s) The God of Small Things
Notable award(s) Man Booker Prize (1997)
Sydney Peace Prize (2004)

Arundhati Roy (Malayalam: അരുന്ധതി റോയ്, Bengali: অরুন্ধতি রায় born 24 November 1961) is an Indian novelist. She won the Booker Prize in 1997 for her novel, The God of Small Things, and has also written two screenplays and several collections of essays. Her writings on various social, environmental and political issues have been a subject of major controversy in India.

Contents

Early life and background

Arundhati Roy was born in Shillong, Meghalaya, India,[1] to Ranjit Roy, a Bengali Hindu tea planter and Mary Roy, a Malayali Syrian Christian women's rights activist.

She spent her childhood in Aymanam in Kerala, and went to school at Corpus Christi, Kottayam, followed by the Lawrence School, Lovedale, in Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. She then studied architecture at the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, where she met her first husband, architect Gerard da Cunha.

Roy met her second husband, filmmaker Pradip Krishen, in 1984, and played a village girl in his award-winning movie Massey Sahib. Until made financially stable by the success of her novel The God of Small Things, she worked various jobs, including running aerobics classes at five-star hotels in New Delhi. Roy is a cousin of prominent media personality Prannoy Roy, the head of the leading Indian TV media group NDTV,.[2] She lives in New Delhi.

Career

Literary career

Early career: screenplays

Early in her career, Roy worked for television and movies. She wrote the screenplays for In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones (1989), a movie based on her experiences as a student of architecture, directed by her current husband, and Electric Moon (1992); she also appeared as a performer in the first. Roy attracted attention in 1994, when she criticised Shekhar Kapur's film Bandit Queen, based on the life of Phoolan Devi. In her film review titled, 'The Great Indian Rape Trick', she questioned the right to "restage the rape of a living woman without her permission," and charged Kapur with exploiting Devi and misrepresenting both her life and its meaning.[3][4]

The God of Small Things

Roy began writing her first novel, The God of Small Things, in 1992, completing it in 1996.[5] The book is semi-autobiographical and a major part captures her childhood experiences in Aymanam.[1]

The publication of The God of Small Things catapulted Roy to instant international fame. It received the 1997 Booker Prize for Fiction and was listed as one of the New York Times Notable Books of the Year for 1997.[6] It reached fourth position on the New York Times Bestsellers list for Independent Fiction.[7] From the beginning, the book was also a commercial success: Roy received half a million pounds as an advance;[4] It was published in May, and the book had been sold to eighteen countries by the end of June.[5]

The God of Small Things received stellar reviews in major American newspapers such as The New York Times (a "dazzling first novel,"[8] "extraordinary," "at once so morally strenuous and so imaginatively supple"[9]) and the Los Angeles Times ("a novel of poignancy and considerable sweep"[10]), and in Canadian publications such as the Toronto Star ("a lush, magical novel"[11]). By the end of the year, it had become one of the five best books of 1997 by TIME.[12] Critical response in the United Kingdom was less positive, and that the novel was awarded the Booker Prize caused controversy; Carmen Callil, a 1996 Booker Prize judge, called the novel "execrable," and The Guardian called the contest "profoundly depressing."[13] In India, the book was criticized especially for its unrestrained description of sexuality by E. K. Nayanar,[14] then Chief Minister of Roy's homestate Kerala, where she had to answer charges of obscenity.[15]

Later career

Since the success of her novel, Roy has been working as a screenplay writer again, writing a television serial, The Banyan Tree,[citation needed] and the documentary DAM/AGE: A Film with Arundhati Roy (2002).

In early 2007, Roy announced that she would begin work on a second novel.[4][16]

Arundhati Roy was one of the contributors on the book We Are One: A Celebration of Tribal Peoples, released in October 2009.[17] The book explores the culture of peoples around the world, portraying their diversity and the threats to their existence. The royalties from the sale of this book go to the indigenous rights organization Survival International.

Advocacy and controversy

Since The God of Small Things Roy has devoted herself mainly to nonfiction and politics, publishing two more collections of essays, as well as working for social causes. She is a spokesperson of the anti-globalization/alter-globalization movement and a vehement critic of neo-imperialism and of the global policies of the United States. She also criticizes India's nuclear weapons policies and the approach to industrialization and rapid development as currently being practiced in India, including the Narmada Dam project and the power company Enron's activities in India.

Support for Kashmiri separatism

In an interview with Times of India published in August 2008, Arundhati Roy expressed her support for the independence of Kashmir from India after massive demonstrations in favor of independence took place—some 500,000 separatists rallied in Srinagar in the Kashmir part of Jammu and Kashmir state of India for independence on 18 August 2008, following the Amarnath land transfer controversy.[18] According to her, the rallies were a sign that Kashmiris desire secession from India, and not union with India.[19] She was criticized by Indian National Congress (INC) and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) for her remarks.[20]

Sardar Sarovar Project

Roy has campaigned along with activist Medha Patkar against the Narmada dam project, saying that the dam will displace half a million people, with little or no compensation, and will not provide the projected irrigation, drinking water and other benefits.[21] Roy donated her Booker prize money as well as royalties from her books on the project to the Narmada Bachao Andolan. Roy also appears in Franny Armstrong's Drowned Out, a 2002 documentary about the project.[22] Roy's opposition to the Narmada Dam project was criticised as "maligning Gujarat" by Congress and BJP leaders in Gujarat.[23]

In 2002, Roy responded to a contempt notice issued against her by the Indian Supreme Court with an affidavit saying the court's decision to initiate the contempt proceedings based on an unsubstantiated and flawed petition, while refusing to inquire into allegations of corruption in military contracting deals pleading an overload of cases, indicated a "disquieting inclination" by the court to silence criticism and dissent using the power of contempt.[24] The court found Roy's statement, which she refused to disavow or apologize for, constituted criminal contempt and sentenced her to a "symbolic" one day's imprisonment and fined Roy Rs. 2500.[25] Roy served the jail sentence for a single day and opted to pay the fine rather than serve an additional three months' imprisonment for default.[26]

Environmental historian Ramachandra Guha has been critical of Roy's Narmada dam activism. While acknowledging her "courage and commitment" to the cause, Guha writes that her advocacy is hyperbolic and self-indulgent,[27] "Ms. Roy's tendency to exaggerate and simplify, her Manichean view of the world, and her shrill hectoring tone, have given a bad name to environmental analysis".[28] He faults Roy's criticism of Supreme Court judges who were hearing a petition brought by the Narmada Bachao Andolan as careless and irresponsible.

Roy counters that her writing is intentional in its passionate, hysterical tone: "I am hysterical. I'm screaming from the bloody rooftops. And he and his smug little club are going 'Shhhh... you'll wake the neighbours!' I want to wake the neighbours, that's my whole point. I want everybody to open their eyes".[29]

Gail Omvedt and Roy have had fierce discussions, in open letters, on Roy's strategy for the Narmada Dam movement. Though the activists disagree on whether to demand stopping the dam building altogether (Roy) or searching for intermediate alternatives (Omvedt), the exchange has mostly been, though critical, constructive.[30]

United States foreign policy, the War in Afghanistan

In a 2001 opinion piece in the British newspaper The Guardian, Arundhati Roy responded to the US military invasion of Afghanistan, finding fault with the argument that this war would be a retaliation for the September 11 attacks: "The bombing of Afghanistan is not revenge for New York and Washington. It is yet another act of terror against the people of the world." According to her, U.S. President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair were guilty of a Big Brother-kind of doublethink: "When he announced the air strikes, President George Bush said: 'We're a peaceful nation.' America's favourite ambassador, Tony Blair, (who also holds the portfolio of prime minister of the UK), echoed him: 'We're a peaceful people.' So now we know. Pigs are horses. Girls are boys. War is peace."

She disputes U.S. claims of being a peaceful and freedom-loving nation, listing China and nineteen 3rd World "countries that America has been at war with – and bombed – since the second world war", as well as previous U.S. support for the Taliban movement and support for the Northern Alliance (whose "track record is not very different from the Taliban's"). She does not spare the Taliban: "Now, as adults and rulers, the Taliban beat, stone, rape and brutalise women, they don't seem to know what else to do with them."

In the final analysis, Roy sees American-style capitalism as the culprit: "In America, the arms industry, the oil industry, the major media networks, and, indeed, US foreign policy, are all controlled by the same business combines." She puts the attacks on the World Trade Center and on Afghanistan on the same moral level, that of terrorism, and mourns the impossibility of imagining beauty after 2001: "Will it be possible ever again to watch the slow, amazed blink of a newborn gecko in the sun, or whisper back to the marmot who has just whispered in your ear – without thinking of the World Trade Centre and Afghanistan?"[31]

In May 2003 she delivered a speech entitled "Instant-Mix Imperial Democracy (Buy One, Get One Free)" at the Riverside Church in New York City. In it she described the United States as a global empire that reserves the right to bomb any of its subjects at any time, deriving its legitimacy directly from God. The speech was an indictment of the U.S. actions relating to the Iraq War.[32][33] In June 2005 she took part in the World Tribunal on Iraq. In March 2006, Roy criticized US President George W. Bush's visit to India, calling him a "war criminal".[34]

India's nuclear weaponisation

In response to India's testing of nuclear weapons in Pokhran, Rajasthan, Roy wrote The End of Imagination (1998), a critique of the Indian government's nuclear policies. It was published in her collection The Cost of Living (1999), in which she also crusaded against India's massive hydroelectric dam projects in the central and western states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.

Criticism of Israel

In August 2006, Roy, along with Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, and others, signed a letter in The Guardian called the 2006 Lebanon War a "war crime" and accused Israel of "state terror."[35] In 2007, Roy was one of more than 100 artists and writers who signed an open letter initiated by Queers Undermining Israeli Terrorism and the South West Asian, North African Bay Area Queers and calling on the San Francisco International LGBT Film Festival "to honor calls for an international boycott of Israeli political and cultural institutions, by discontinuing Israeli consulate sponsorship of the LGBT film festival and not cosponsoring events with the Israeli consulate."[36][37]

2001 Indian Parliament attack

Roy has raised questions about the investigation into the 2001 Indian Parliament attack and the trial of the accused. She has called for the death sentence of Mohammad Afzal to be stayed while a parliamentary enquiry into these questions are conducted and denounced press coverage of the trial.[38] The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has criticized Roy for what it alleges is defence of a terrorist going against the national interest.[39][dead link]

The Muthanga incident

In 2003, the Adivasi Gothra Maha Sabha, a social movement for adivasi land rights in Kerala, organized a major land occupation of a piece of land of a former Eucalyptus plantation in the Muthanga Wildlife Reserve, on the border of Kerala and Karnataka. After 48 days, a police force was sent into the area to evict the occupants—one participant of the movement and a policeman were killed, and the leaders of the movement were arrested. Arundhati Roy travelled to the area, visited the movement's leaders in jail, and wrote an open letter to the then Chief Minister of Kerala, A.K. Antony now India's Defence Minister, saying "You have blood on your hands."[40]

Comments on 2008 Mumbai attacks

In an opinion piece for The Guardian (13 December 2008), Roy argued that the November 2008 Mumbai attacks cannot be seen in isolation, but must be understood in the context of wider issues in the region's history and society such as widespread poverty, the Partition of India (which Roy calls "Britain's final, parting kick to us"), the atrocities committed during the 2002 Gujarat violence, and the ongoing conflict in Kashmir. Despite this call for context, Roy states clearly in the article that she believes "nothing can justify terrorism" and calls terrorism "a heartless ideology." Roy warns against war with Pakistan, arguing that it is hard to "pin down the provenance of a terrorist strike and isolate it within the borders of a single nation state", and that war could lead to the "descent of the whole region into chaos".[41] Her remarks were strongly criticized by Salman Rushdie and others, who condemned her for linking the Bombay attacks with Kashmir and economic injustice against Muslims in India;[42] Rushdie specifically criticized Roy for attacking the iconic status of the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower.[43] Indian writer Tavleen Singh called Roy's comments "he latest of her series of hysterical diatribes against India and all things Indian."[44]

Criticism of Sri Lanka

In an opinion piece, once again in The Guardian (April 1, 2009), Roy made a plea for international attention to what she called a possible government-sponsored genocide of Tamils in Sri Lanka. She cited reports of camps into which Tamils were being herded as part of what she described as "a brazen, openly racist war."[45] She also mentioned that the "Government of Sri Lanka is on the verge of committing what could end up being genocide"[46] and described the Sri Lankan IDP camps where Tamil civilians are being held as concentration camps.[47] Ruvani Freeman, a Sri Lankan writer called Roy's remarks "ill-informed and hypocritical" and criticized her for "whitewashing the atrocities of the LTTE."[48] Roy has said of such accusations: "I cannot admire those whose vision can only accommodate justice for their own and not for everybody. However I do believe that the LTTE and its fetish for violence was cultured in the crucible of monstrous, racist, injustice that the Sri Lankan government and to a great extent Sinhala society visited on the Tamil people for decades."[49]

Views on the Naxals

Roy has criticized Government's armed actions against the Naxalite-Maoist insurgents in India, calling it "war on the poorest people in the country". According to her, the Government has "abdicated its responsibility to the people"[50] and launched the offensive against Naxals to aid the corporations with whom it has signed Memorandums of Understanding.[51] While she has received support from various quarters for her views,[52] Roy's description of the Maoists as "Gandhians" raised a controversy.[53][54] In other statements, she has described Naxalites as "patriot of a kind"[55] who are "fighting to implement the Constitution, (while) the government is vandalising it".[50] Many commentators have noted that Roy does not hold sympathy for the victims of Maoist terrorism.[56][57] and have called her a "Maoist sympathiser."[58]

Criticism of Anna Hazare

In August 22 ,2011 Arundhati Roy accused Anna Hazare in a newspaper article of being nonsecular. She questioned Anna's secular credentials pointing out "his support for Raj Thackeray's Marathi Manoos xenophobia and his praise of the 'development model' Narendra Modi CM of Gujarat who oversaw the 2002 Gujrat riots against Muslims". The website of the newspaper published many responses to her article and these were mostly critical of her views.[59] Social Activist Medha Patkar strongly condemned Arundhati Roy, by alleging that her views were misplaced.[60]

Awards

Arundhati Roy was awarded the 1997 Booker Prize for her novel The God of Small Things. The award carried a prize of about US $30,000[61] and a citation that noted, 'The book keeps all the promises that it makes.'[62] Prior to this, she won the National Film Award for Best Screenplay in 1989, for the screenplay of In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones.[63]

In 2002, she won the Lannan Foundation's Cultural Freedom Award for her work "about civil societies that are adversely affected by the world’s most powerful governments and corporations," in order "to celebrate her life and her ongoing work in the struggle for freedom, justice and cultural diversity."[64]

Roy was awarded the Sydney Peace Prize in May 2004 for her work in social campaigns and her advocacy of non-violence.

In January 2006, she was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award, a national award from India's Academy of Letters, for her collection of essays on contemporary issues, The Algebra of Infinite Justice, but she declined to accept it "in protest against the Indian Government toeing the US line by 'violently and ruthlessly pursuing policies of brutalisation of industrial workers, increasing militarisation and economic neo-liberalisation.'"[65]

In November 2011, she was awarded the Norman Mailer Prize for Distinguished Writing.

Works

Books

Speeches, Essays, Interviews

See also

References

Books and articles on Roy

  • Anūp, Si. (1997). Arundhatiyuṭ̣e atbhutalōkaṃ. Trivandrum: New Indian Books. 
  • Balvannanadhan, Aïda (2007). Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things. New Delhi: Prestige Books. ISBN 81-7551-193-1. 
  • Bhatt, Indira; Indira Nityanandam (1999). Explorations: Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things. New Delhi: Creative Books. ISBN 81-86318-56-9. 
  • "The Politics of Design," in Ch'ien, Evelyn Nien-Ming (2005). Weird English. Harvard UP. pp. 154–199. ISBN 978-0-674-01819-8. http://books.google.com/?id=Fx6o5NXOLoQC. 
  • Dhawan, R.K. (1999). Arundhati Roy, the novelist extraordinary. New Delhi: Prestige Books. ISBN 81-7551-060-9. 
  • Dodiya, Jaydipsinh; Joya Chakravarty (1999). The Critical studies of Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things. New Delhi: Atlantic. ISBN 81-7156-850-5. 
  • Durix, Carole; Jean-Pierre Durix (2002). Reading Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things. Dijon: Editions universitaires de Dijon. ISBN 2-905965-80-0. 
  • Ghosh, Ranjan; Antonia Navarro-Tejero (2009). Globalizing dissent: Essays on Arundhati Roy. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-99559-7. 
  • Jōsaphmātyu, Ēt̲t̲umānūr (1997). Arundhati R̲ōyiyuṭe Da gōḍ ōph smōḷ tiṅgs: kathayuṃ kāryavuṃ: sāhitya paṭhanam. Kottayam: Toms Literary Editions. 
  • Mullaney, Julie (2002). Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things: A reader’s guide. New York: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-5327-9. 
  • Navarro-Tejero, Antonia (2005). Gender and caste in the Anglophone-Indian novels of Arundhati Roy and Githa Hariharan: feminist issues in cross-cultural perspectives. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen. ISBN 0-7734-5995-2. 
  • Pathak, R.S. (2001). The fictional world of Arundhati Roy. New Delhi: Creative Books. ISBN 81-86318-84-4. 
  • Prasad, Murari; Bill Ashcroft (foreword) (2006). Arundhati Roy, critical perspectives. Delhi: Pencraft International. ISBN 81-85753-76-8. 
  • Roy, Amitabh (2005). The God of Small Things: A Novel of Social Commitment. Atlantic. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-81-269-0409-9. http://books.google.com/?id=2LgYuhRK0yIC&pg=PA37&dq=%22Pradip+Krishen%22. 
  • Sharma, A.P. (2000). The mind and the art of Arundhati Roy: a critical appraisal of her novel, The God of Small Things. New Delhi: Minerva. ISBN 81-7662-120-X. 
  • Shashi, R.S.; Bala Talwar (1998). Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things: Critique and commentary. New Delhi: Creative Books. ISBN 81-86318-54-2. 
  • Tickell, Alex (2007). Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-35842-2. 
  • Tōmas, Jōmi (1997). Arundhati R̲ōy, kr̥tiyuṃ kāl̲cappāṭum. Kozhikode: Kar̲ant̲ Buks. ISBN 81-240-0515-X. 

Other

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Arundhati Roy, 1959 –". The South Asian Literary Recordings Project. Library of Congress, New Delhi Office. 2002-11-15. http://www.loc.gov/acq/ovop/delhi/salrp/arundhathiroy.html. Retrieved 2009-04-06. 
  2. ^ Rediff On The NeT: Mary Roy celebrates her daughter's victory.
  3. ^ "Arundhati Roy: A 'small hero'". BBC News Online. 2002-03-06. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1857495.stm. 
  4. ^ a b c Ramesh, Randeep (2007-02-17). "Live to tell". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2007/feb/17/fiction.arundhatiroy. Retrieved 2009-04-06. 
  5. ^ a b Roy, Amitabh (2005). The God of Small Things: A Novel of Social Commitment. Atlantic. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-81-269-0409-9. http://books.google.com/?id=2LgYuhRK0yIC&pg=PA37&dq=%22Pradip+Krishen%22. 
  6. ^ "Notable Books of the Year 1997". New York Times. 1997-12-07. http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/12/07/reviews/notable-fiction.html. Retrieved 2007-03-21. 
  7. ^ "Best Sellers Plus". New York Times. 1998-01-25. http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/01/25/bsp/fictioncompare.html. Retrieved 2007-03-21. 
  8. ^ Kakutani, Michiko (1997-06-03). "Melodrama as Structure for Subtlety". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/03/books/melodrama-as-structure-for-subtlety.html?scp=3&sq=%22the+god+of+small+things%22&st=nyt. 
  9. ^ Truax, Alice (1997-05-25). "A Silver Thimble in Her Fist". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/05/25/reviews/970525.25truaxt.html 
  10. ^ Eder, Richard (1997-06-01). "As the world turns: rev. of The God of Small Things". Los Angeles Times: p. 2. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/12168713.html?dids=12168713:12168713&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun+01%2C+1997&author=RICHARD+EDER&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=As+the+World+Turns%3B+THE+GOD+OF+SMALL+THINGS.++By+Arundhati+Roy+.+Random+House%3A+321+pp.%2C+%2423&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2010-01-18. 
  11. ^ Carey, Barbara (1997-06-07). "A lush, magical novel of India". Toronto Star: p. M.21. 
  12. ^ "Books: The best of 1997". TIME. 1997-12-29. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,987619,00.html. Retrieved 2010-01-18. 
  13. ^ "The scene is set for the Booker battle". BBC News. 1998-09-24. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/179131.stm. Retrieved 2010-01-18. 
  14. ^ Kutty, N Madhavan (1997-11-09). "Comrade of Small Jokes". Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19971109/31350653.html. Retrieved 2010-01-18. 
  15. ^ Bumiller, Elisabeth (1997-07-29). "A Novelist Beginning with a Bang". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/29/books/a-novelist-beginning-with-a-bang.html?scp=4&sq=%22the+god+of+small+things%22&st=nyt. Retrieved 2010-01-18. 
  16. ^ Randeep Ramesh (2007-03-10). "An activist returns to the novel". Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/news/books/an-activist-returns-to-the-novel/2007/03/08/1173166881043.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2. Retrieved 2007-03-13. 
  17. ^ "We Are One: a celebration of tribal peoples published this autumn". Survival International. 2009-10-16. http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/4981. Retrieved 2009-11-25. 
  18. ^ Thottam, Jyoti (2008-09-04). "Valley of Tears". Time magazine. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1838586,00.html. Retrieved 2009-04-06. 
  19. ^ Ghosh, Avijit (2008-08-19). "Kashmir needs freedom from India: Arundhati Roy". Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Kashmir_needs_freedom_from_India_Arundhati_Roy/articleshow/3378687.cms. Retrieved 2009-04-06. 
  20. ^ "Cong attacks Roy on Kashmir remark". Economic Times (Times of India). 20 Aug 2008. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/Cong_attacks_Roy_on_Kashmir_remark/articleshow/3384003.cms. Retrieved 2009-03-25. 
  21. ^ Roy, Arundhati (May 22 – June 04, 1999). "The Greater Common Good". Frontline (magazine) 16 (11). http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1611/16110040.htm 
  22. ^ "Drowned Out". Internet Movie Database. 2009. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0424055/. Retrieved 2009-04-06. 
  23. ^ "Playwright Tendulkar in BJP gunsight". The Telegraph (Kolkata). 2003-12-13. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1031213/asp/nation/story_2674388.asp. Retrieved 2009-04-06.  The Telegraph – Calcutta: Nation].
  24. ^ "Arundhati’s contempt: Supreme Court writes her a prison sentence". Indian Express. 2002-03-07. http://www.indianexpress.com/india-news/ie20020307/top3.html. V. Venkatesan and Sukumar Muralidharan (August 18–31, 2001). "Of contempt and legitimate dissent". Frontline. http://www.flonnet.com/fl1817/18170910.htm. 
  25. ^ In re: Arundhati Roy.... Contemner, JUDIS (Supreme Court of India bench, Justices G.B. Pattanaik & R.P. Sethi 2002-03-06).
  26. ^ Roy, Arundhati (2002-03-07). "Statement by Arundhati Roy". Friends of River Narmada. http://www.narmada.org/sc.contempt/aroy.stmt.mar7.2002.html. Retrieved 2007-03-21. 
  27. ^ Ramachandra Guha, The Arun Shourie of the left, The Hindu, 2000-11-26.
  28. ^ Ramachandra Guha, Perils of extremism, The Hindu, 2000-12-17.
  29. ^ Ram, N. (6–19 January 2001). "Scimitars in the Sun: N. Ram interviews Arundhati Roy on a writer's place in politics.". Frontline, The Hindu. http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1801/18010040.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-30. 
  30. ^ Omvedt, Gail. "An Open Letter to Arundhati Roy". Friends of River Narmada. http://www.narmada.org/debates/gail/gail.open.letter.html. Retrieved 2008-10-30. 
  31. ^ Roy, Arundhati (2001-10-23). "'Brutality smeared in peanut butter': Why America must stop the war now". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4283081,00.html. Retrieved 2009-03-11. 
  32. ^ Roy, Arundhati (2003-05-13). "Instant-Mix Imperial Democracy (Buy One, Get One Free)". Text of speech at the Riverside Church. Commondreams.org. http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0518-01.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-06. 
  33. ^ Roy, Arundhati. "Instant-Mix Imperial Democracy, Buy One Get One Free – An Hour With Arundhati Roy". Text of speech at the Riverside Church. Democracy Now!. http://www.democracynow.org/2003/10/24/instant_mix_imperial_democracy_buy_one. Retrieved 2009-04-06. 
  34. ^ Roy, Arundhati (2006-02-28). "George Bush go home". The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/28/stories/2006022804301100.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-21. 
  35. ^ "War crimes and Lebanon". The Guardian (London). 2006-08-03. http://www.guardian.co.uk/israel/Story/0,,1835915,00.html. Retrieved 2009-04-06. 
  36. ^ "Political Notebook: Queer activists reel over Israel, Frameline ties". 2007-05-17. http://www.ebar.com/news/article.php?sec=news&article=1838. 
  37. ^ "San Francisco Queers Say No Pride in Apartheid". 2007-05-29. http://electronicintifada.net/v2/article6966.shtml. 
  38. ^ Arundhati Roy, 'And His Life Should Become Extinct', Outlook, 2006-10-30.
  39. ^ BJP flays Arundhati for 'defending' Afzal, The Hindu, 2006-10-28.
  40. ^ Roy, Arundhati (March 15, 2003). ""You have blood on your hands"; Arundhati Roy to Kerala Chief Minister Antony". Frontline, Vol.20, Issue 6 (The Hindu). http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2006/stories/20030328002104500.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-25. 
  41. ^ Roy, Arundhati (2008-12-13). "The monster in the mirror". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/dec/12/mumbai-arundhati-roy. Retrieved 2010-01-18. 
  42. ^ "All terrorism roads lead to Pakistan, says Rushdie". The Times of India. 18 December 2008. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/All_terrorism_roads_lead_to_Pakistan_says_Salman_Rushdie/articleshow/3855871.cms. 
  43. ^ "Rushdie Slams Arundhati Roy". Times of India. 2008-12-18. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videoshow/3858343.cms. Retrieved 2010-01-18. 
  44. ^ Singh, Tavleen (2008-12-21). "The Real Enemies". Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-real-enemies/400963/. Retrieved 2010-01-18. 
  45. ^ Roy, Arundhati (2009-04-01). "This is not a war on terror. It is a racist war on all Tamils". The Guardian online edition (London: The Guardian). http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/apr/01/sri-lanka-india-tamil-tigers. 
  46. ^ Roy, Arundhati (2009-04-01). "This is not a war on terror. It is a racist war on all Tamils". The Guardian online edition (London: The Guardian). http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/apr/01/sri-lanka-india-tamil-tigers. 
  47. ^ Fernandes, Edna (3 May 2009). "Inside Sri Lanka's 'concentration camps'". Daily Mail, UK. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1176597/Exclusive-Inside-Sri-Lankas-concentration-camps.html. Retrieved 24 October 2009. 
  48. ^ Lankan writer slams Arundhati Roy Indian Express – April 4, 2009
  49. ^ "Situation in Sri Lanka absolutely grim". Tamil Guardian. 25 October 2010. http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=2582. Retrieved 1 November 2010. 
  50. ^ a b India is a corporate, Hindu state: Arundhati - Karan Thapar , CNN-IBN , Sep 12, 2010
  51. ^ Govt at war with Naxals to aid MNCs: Arundhati. IBNLive.com. 21 October 2009.
  52. ^ Amulya Ganguli. Rooting for rebels. 11 May 2010. DNA India.
  53. ^ Walking With The Comrades Outlook cover story. 29 March 2010.
  54. ^ Cops shouldn't have used public bus: Arundhati. The Times of India. May 19, 2010.
  55. ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/Naxals-are-patriots-Arundhati/Article1-629303.aspx
  56. ^ A Response to Arundhati Roy: “The heart of India is under attack” South Asia Analysis Group – November 5, 2009
  57. ^ Privilege of being Arundhati Roy The Pioneer - October 24, 2010
  58. ^ At JNU, Arundhati renews offensive against India Daily Pioneer - March 8, 2011
  59. ^ Anna Hazare is not secular: Arundhati Roy. Times of India. (23 August 2011). Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
  60. ^ Mukherjee, Vishwajoy (22 August 2011). "We Are Not Like the Maoists: Medha Patkar". Tehelka. Retrieved on 29 August 2011.
  61. ^ "Arundhati Roy interviewed by David Barsamian". The South Asian. September 2001. http://www.the-south-asian.com/Sept2001/Arundhati_Roy-Interview1.htm. 
  62. ^ "Previous winners – 1997". Booker Prize Foundation. Archived from the original on January 27, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070127162449/http://www.themanbookerprize.com/about/previous/1997.php. Retrieved 2007-03-21. 
  63. ^ In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones – Awards Internet Movie Database.
  64. ^ "2002 Lannan Cultural Freedom Prize awarded to Arundhati Roy". Lannan Foundation. http://www.lannan.org/lf/cf/detail/2002-prize-for-cultural-freedom-roy/. Retrieved 2007-03-21. 
  65. ^ Sahitya Akademi Award: Arundhati Roy Rejects Honor.

External links

v · d · eMan Booker Prize for Fiction
1969–1980
† Awarded in 2010 as the Lost Man Booker Prize, due to a change in the contest rules.
1981–2000
2001–present
v · d · eNational Film Award for Best Screenplay
1967–1980

Satyajit Ray (1967) · S. L. Puram Sadanandan (1968) · Pandit Anand Kumar (1969) · Puttanna Kanagal (1970) · Satyajit Ray (1971) · Tapan Sinha (1972) · Gulzar (1973) · Mrinal Sen and Ashish Burman (1974) · Satyajit Ray (1975) · no award (1976) · Vijay Tendulkar (1977) · Satyadev Dubey, Shyam Benegal, Girish Karnad (1978) · T. S. Ranga and T. S. Nagabharana (1979) · Sai Paranjpye (1980)
1981–2000

Mrinal Sen (1981) · K. Balachander (1982) · Mrinal Sen (1983) · G V Iyer (1984) · Adoor Gopalakrishnan (1985) · Bhabendra Nath Saikia (1986) · Budhdhadeb Dasgupta (1987) · Adoor Gopalakrishnan (1988) · Arundhati Roy (1989) · M. T. Vasudevan Nair (1990) · K. S. Sethumadhavan (1991) · M. T. Vasudevan Nair (1992) · M. T. Vasudevan Nair (1993) · Satyajit Ray (1994) · M. T. Vasudevan Nair (1995) · Saeed Akhtar Mirza and Ashok Mishra (1996) · Agathiyan (1997) · Rituparno Ghosh (1998) · Ashok Mishra (1999) · Madampu Kunjukuttan (2000)
2001–2009

Bharathiraja (2001) · Neelakanta (2002) · Aparna Sen (2003) · Gautam Ghose (2004) · Manoj Tyagi and Nina Arora (2005) · Prakash Jha, Manoj Tyagi and Shridhar Raghavan (2006) · Abhijat Joshi, Rajkumar Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra (2007)  · Feroz Abbas Khan (2008) · Sachin Kundalkar (2009)
2010–present

P. F. Mathews and Harikrishna (Original Screenplay); Gopal Krishan Pai and Girish Kasaravalli (Adapted Screenplay); Pandiraj (Dialogues) (2010) · Vetrimaaran (Original Screenplay); Anant Mahadevan and Sanjay Pawar (Adapted Screenplay); Sanjay Pawar (Dialogues) (2011)
v · d · eSydney Peace Prize laureates

Muhammad Yunus (1998) · Desmond Tutu (1999) · Xanana Gusmão (2000) · William Deane (2001) · Mary Robinson (2002) · Hanan Ashrawi (2003) · Arundhati Roy (2004) · Olara Otunnu (2005) · Irene Khan (2006) · Hans Blix (2007) · Patrick Dodson (2008) · John Pilger (2009) · Vandana Shiva (2010) · Noam Chomsky (2011)

Источник: Arundhati Roy

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