Книга: Walter Mischel «The Marshmallow Test: Mastering Self-Control»
Производитель: "Little" A child is presented with a marshmallow and given a choice: Eat this one now, or wait and enjoy two later. What will she do? And what are the implications for her behaviour later in life? Walter Mischel`s now iconic `marshmallow test,` one of the most famous experiments in the history of psychology, proved that the ability to delay gratification is critical to living a successful and fulfilling life: self-control not only predicts higher marks in school, better social and cognitive functioning, and a greater sense of self-worth; it also helps us manage stress, pursue goals more effectively, and cope with painful emotions. But is willpower prewired, or can it be taught? In his groundbreaking new book, Dr. Mischel draws on decades of compelling research and life examples to explore the nature of willpower, identifying the cognitive skills and mental mechanisms that enable it and showing how these can be applied to challenges in everyday life - from weight control to quitting smoking,... ISBN:978-0-316-33619-2 Издательство: "Little" (2014)
ISBN: 978-0-316-33619-2 |
Walter Mischel
Infobox Scientist
image_width = 150px
name = Walter Mischel
birth_date = 1930
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death_date =
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residence = New York,
nationality = American
field =
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known_for =
prizes =
Walter Mischel (1930- ) is an American academic and
Early life
Mischel was born in 1930 in
Professional career
Mischel taught at the University of Colorado from 1956 to 1958, then at
Mischel was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2004 and to the
Contributions to personality theory
In 1968, Mischel published the now classic monograph, Personality and Assessment, which created a paradigm crisis in personality psychology that changed the agenda of the field for decades. Mischel showed that study after study failed to support the fundamental traditional assumption of personality theory, that an individual’s behavior with regard to a trait (e.g. conscientiousness, sociability) is highly consistent across diverse situations. Instead, Mischel's analyses revealed that the individual’s behavior, when closely examined, was highly dependent upon situational cues, rather than expressed consistently across diverse situations that differed in meaning.
Mischel made the case that the field of
These signatures of personality were in fact revealed in a large observational study of
In a second direction, beginning in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s, Mischel pioneered work illuminating the ability to delay gratification and to exert self-control in the face of strong situational pressures and emotionally “hot” temptations. His studies with preschoolers in the late 1960s, often referred to as "the
External links
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/psychology/indiv_pages/mischel.html Columbia University Department of Psychology: Walter Mischel]
elected bibliography
cientific publications
*Mischel, W. (1968). "Personality and assessment". New York: Wiley.
*Mischel, W. (1973). Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality. "Psychological Review", 80, 252-283.
*Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Rodriguez, M. L. (1989). Delay of gratification in children. "Science", 244, 933-938.
*Mischel, W. & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. "Psychological Review", 102, 246-268.
*Metcalfe, J., & Mischel, W. (1999). A hot/cool system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower. "Psychological Review", 106, 3-19.
*Mischel, W., & Ayduk, O. (2004). "Willpower in a cognitive-affective processing system: The dynamics of delay of gratification". In R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), "Handbook of self-regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications" (pp. 99-129). New York: Guilford.
*Mischel, W. (2004). "Toward an integrative science of the person". "Annual Review of Psychology", 55, 1-22.
Autobiography
*Mischel, W. (2007). "Walter Mischel". In G. Lindzey & W. M. Runyan (Eds.), "A History of Psychology in Autobiography" (Vol. IX, pp. 229-267). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Источник: Walter Mischel
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Walter Mischel — (* 22. Februar 1930 in Wien) ist ein emeritierter Persönlichkeitspsychologe. Er war ab 1983 Professor an der Columbia University und vorher an der Stanford University tätig. Mischels so genannter Marshmallow Test zeigt die Wichtigkeit der… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Walter Mischel — (Viena, 1930) es un importante psicólogo que estudia la personalidad. Walter es austriaco, y está afincado en Estados Unidos, donde es profesor de la Universidad de Columbia desde 1983, si bien antes fue profesor en la Universidad de Stanford.… … Wikipedia Español
Walter Mischel — Infobox Scientist image width = 150px name = Walter Mischel birth date = 1930 birth place = Vienna, Austria death date = death place = residence = New York, New York, United States nationality = American field = Psychology, Personality psychology … Wikipedia
Mischel — Walter Mischel (* 22. Februar 1930 in Wien) ist ein Persönlichkeitspsychologe. Er war ab 1983 Professor an der Columbia University und vorher an der Stanford University tätig. Mischels berühmter so genannter Marshmallow Test zeigt die Wichtigkeit … Deutsch Wikipedia
Delay of gratification — Walter Mischel (* 22. Februar 1930 in Wien) ist ein Persönlichkeitspsychologe. Er war ab 1983 Professor an der Columbia University und vorher an der Stanford University tätig. Mischels berühmter so genannter Marshmallow Test zeigt die Wichtigkeit … Deutsch Wikipedia
Stanford marshmallow experiment — Each child was offered a marshmallow The Stanford marshmallow experiment was a study on deferred gratification conducted in 1972 by psychologist Walter Mischel of Stanford University.[1] A marshmallow was offered to each child. If the child could … Wikipedia